1）變?yōu)闈h語的主動形式。如：

　　In his attitude can be found seeds for art in the 20th century： the art of the primitive， of symbol， and of imagination.在他的態(tài)度中可以找到20世紀藝術(shù)的種子：充滿原始、象征和想象的藝術(shù)。

　　It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset： it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans， or with no consideration at all.這種說法從一開始就將討論引向兩個極端，它使人們認為應(yīng)該這樣對待動物：要么像對待人類自身一樣關(guān)切體諒，要么完全冷漠無情。（真題示范）

　　On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence， but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared， and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.總的來說，得出這樣的結(jié)論是有一定的把握的，但是必須具備兩個條件：能夠假定這個孩子對測試的態(tài)度和與他相比較的其他孩子的態(tài)度相同；他也沒有因為缺乏其他孩子已掌握的有關(guān)知識而被扣分。（真題示范）

　　In general， the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted can not be well defined.總而言之，如果需要測定的人的素質(zhì)能夠精確地界定出來，那些測試就能有效地發(fā)揮作用，而如果那些需要測定或預(yù)測的素質(zhì)不能清楚地界定出來，那些測試就沒有什么效果。（真題示范）

　　2）被動結(jié)構(gòu)的表語化，將其翻譯成“是……的”、“由……的”等。如：

　　The movement to oppose racial discrimination was personally initiated and led by a famous Negro leader.這場反對種族歧視的運動是由一位著名的黑人領(lǐng)袖親自發(fā)動和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的。

　　3）譯成具有被動意義的漢語結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

　　For all the help this computer may provide， it should not be seen as a substitute for fundamental thinking and reasoning skills.盡管計算機可以提供那么多的幫助，它卻不應(yīng)該被看作是基本的思維和推理技巧的替代物。

　　It should be made clear to entire citizens that whoever enjoys rights must undertake corresponding obligations.應(yīng)該使全體公民明白，享受權(quán)利者必須承擔(dān)響應(yīng)的義務(wù)。

　　Those who support the“nature”side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors.在這場爭論中，贊成“天性”一方的人認為，我們的性格特征和行為模式大多數(shù)是由生物因素確定的。（真題示范）

　　How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount， reliability， and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.這些預(yù)測將在多大程度上為后來的表現(xiàn)所證實取決于所用信息的數(shù)量、可靠程度、適宜程度以及用來解釋這些信息的技巧與才智。（真題示范）

　　4）增添“人們”、“大家”等適當(dāng)?shù)脑~做漢語譯文的主語。如：

　　With the new technique， measurement was claimed to be much more precise.有了這種技術(shù)，人們斷言測量的結(jié)果精確得多。

　　And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes， and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.許多人認為普通人的思維活動根本無法和科學(xué)家的思維過程想比較，他們并認為這些思維過程必須經(jīng)過某中專門訓(xùn)練才能掌握。（真題示范）

　　During this transfer， traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.在這種轉(zhuǎn)變中，歷史學(xué)家研究歷史時，那些解釋新史料的新方法充實了傳統(tǒng)的歷史研究方法。（真題示范）