閱讀理解：

　　The huge growth of global“ecotourism”industry is becoming an increasing concern for conservationists with mounting evidence that many wild species do not respond well to contact with human beings. Overexposure to tourists has been linked to stress，abnormal behaviour and adverse health effects in species such as polar bears，dolphins and gorillas(大猩猩)，says a report in New Scientist.

　　While regulated ecotourism can help conservation efforts by encouraging people to manage endangered species and their habitats，many projects are poorly designed and unregulated，it says.“Many ecotourist projects are unaudited，unauthorized and merely hint they are based on environmentally friendly policies and operations.”

　　Ecotourism is growing by 10 to 30 percent a year and an estimated 20 percent of tourists are thought to visit a conservation-based project. Philip Seddon，of the University of Otago in New Zealand，said that although most tourist projects conformed to basic guidelines on land use and not scaring wildlife，their full impact was rarely considered.

　　“Transmission of disease to wildlife，or subtle changes to wildlife health through disturbance of daily routines or increased stress levels may translate to lowered survival and breeding，”he said. Research at the University of Auckland has shown that dolphins become restless and overactive when many tourist boats are present. When three or more boats are near，the dolphins rest for 0.5 percent of the time，compared with 68 percent when they are accompanied by a single boat. The findings are backed up by studies of dolphins in Britain. Researchers at the University of Manitoba in Canada have found that male polar bears easily disturbed by tourist vehicles，with a possible effect on their heart rate and metabolism(新陳代謝). That could reduce body fat levels and fitness，critical for survival.

　　In Africa，gorillas have picked up parasites introduced to their habitat by tourists and mongooses(蠓)have caught lung diseases from human beings. Experts said that the answer to the problems was better regulation and supervision of ecotourism. The Galapagos Islands，where visitor numbers are strictly controlled，is a good model.

　　41.

　　Ecotourism is meant to .

　　A. have tourists help in the conservation of wildlife

　　B. have wild species respond well to contact with humans

　　C. make wild species reduce stress and abnormal behaviour

　　D. make conservationists more concerned with wildlife

　　42.

　　According to New Scientist，many ecotourist projects .

　　A. really encourage people to protect wildlife and its habitat

　　B. strictly follow environmentally friendly policies

　　C. actually lack proper examination and official approval

　　D. seriously damage the habitats of endangered species

　　43.

　　What will happen to wildlife ultimately if the present“ecotourism”practice goes on?

　　A. It will disturb their life.

　　B. It will affect their health.

　　C. It will increase their stress.

　　D. It will threaten their survival.

　　44.

　　According to the passage，the growth in the global“ecotourism”industry .

　　A. reflects an increasing concern for conservation

　　B. arouses a growing concern for conservation

　　C. coincides with a mounting concern for conservation

　　D. originates from a greater concern for conservation

　　45.

　　According to the passage，a solution to the“ecotourism”problem is to .

　　A. encourage people to manage endangered species

　　B. reduce the exposure of wildlife to human beings

　　C. help wild animals increase their fitness

　　D. prevent wildlife from catching human diseases

　　答案解析在下一頁。。。

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