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　　一、主動語態(tài)“變性”被動語態(tài)

　　1. 先找出謂語動詞; 2. 再找出謂語動詞后的賓語; 3. 把賓語用作被動語態(tài)中的主語; 4. 注意人稱、時態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。

　　二、被動語態(tài)“基本招式”：

　　1. 一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：is / am / are + 及物動詞的過去分詞

　　2. 一般過去時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：was / were + 及物動詞的過去分詞

　　3. 現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：has / have + been + 及物動詞的過去分詞

　　4. 一般將來時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：will+ be + 及物動詞的過去分詞

　　5. 含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：情態(tài)動詞+ be + 及物動詞的過去分詞

　　6. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：am / is / are + being + 及物動詞的過去分詞

　　7. 不定式的被動語態(tài)：to + be + 及物動詞的過去分詞

　　三、被動語態(tài)“三十六計(jì)”：

　　1. 不及物的動詞或者詞組無被動語態(tài)，常見有如下詞匯：appear, die disappear, end (vi. 結(jié)束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place等等。同時，周童瑜提請您特別注意：不能用于被動語態(tài)的及物動詞或動詞短語：fit, have, wish, cost, watch,agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to happen, belong to, suit, fit(適合), have, let, join, fall, last(延長),cost(花費(fèi))

　　break out(爆發(fā))appear, burst out(迸發(fā))，hold(容納)，lack(缺乏)，agree with(同意).等等。賓語為反身代詞，相互代詞及虛詞it時，不用被動，只用主動。

　　2. 有些動詞用主動形式表示被動意義。如： His book sells well. The radio needs repairing. 1)wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell, drive等。

　　2)blame, let(出租), remain, keep, rent, build，如：The house is to let.

　　3) 在need, require, want, worth (表語), deserve后的動名詞必須用主動形式。

　　3. 感官動詞或使役動詞使用省略to的動詞不定式，主動語態(tài)中不帶to ，但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，須加上to 如：make/see sb do sth→sb+ be +made/seen to do sth等等，周童瑜提醒您記憶其他此類詞匯：feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, observe, notice, watch

　　4. 如果是接雙賓語的動詞改為被動語態(tài)時，直接賓語(物)作主語，那么動詞后要用介詞，這個介詞是由與其搭配的動詞決定。如：He bought me a book.→A book was bought for me.

　　5. 一些動詞短語用于被動語態(tài)時，動詞短語應(yīng)當(dāng)看作一個整體，而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。如：Zhou tongyu listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by Zhou tongyu every day.

　　6 let 的用法：1)當(dāng)let后只有一個單音節(jié)動詞，變被動語態(tài)時，可用不帶to 的不定式。They let the thief go→ The thief was let go. 2) 若let 后賓補(bǔ)較長時，let通常不用被動語態(tài)，而用allow或permit代替。The teacher let me go home to have dinner. →I was allowed / permitted to go home to have dinner.

　　7 特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：make sb. heard / understood (使別人能聽見/理解自己)，have sth. done ( 要某人做某事)。

　　8 主動語態(tài)中的賓語是從句，變成被動時使用形式替代詞it.如：We know that Britain is an island country.——It's known that Britain is an island country.

　　9 be+done 可以是被動語態(tài)，也可以是系表結(jié)構(gòu)形式。被動語態(tài)中，done可以帶by短語，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)中done相當(dāng)于adj. 不帶 by短語。如：The question is settled. (系表結(jié)構(gòu)) Such questions are settled by us. (被動語態(tài))。許多verbs(broken, interested, shut, worried), 既可以用做adj.也可以在被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)中做過去分詞。句中如果有by，通常是被動語態(tài)。如： The glass was broken by Jack. (表動作) The glass is broken. (表狀態(tài))。

　　【重點(diǎn)提示】：It is said that…據(jù)說It is reported that… 據(jù)報(bào)道 It is believed that…大家相信It is hoped that…大家希望 It is well known that… 眾所周知 It is thought that…大家認(rèn)為 It is suggested that…據(jù)建議 It is taken granted that…被視為當(dāng)然It has been decided that… 大家決定 It must be remember that…務(wù)必記住的是It is generally accepted that…人們公認(rèn)的是It is universally known that…全球共知的是