2013年國際貨代人專業(yè)英語講義(3)
來源:中大網(wǎng)校發(fā)布時間:2012-12-21
Unit 3 Incoterm 2000 國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則2000
本節(jié)占歷年試卷I考試分值為4-6分左右
本節(jié)內(nèi)容重點:
1.熟悉掌握6個貿(mào)易術(shù)語- FOB, CFR, CIF,F(xiàn)CA, CPT, CIP
課文內(nèi)容
一、國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語通則的產(chǎn)生
英文原文:To provide a set of uniform rules for the interpretation of the most commonly used trade terms in foreign trade, ICC first published a set of international rules for the interpretation of trade terms known as “Incoterms 1936” in 1936.
。 核心句:to provide a set of rules for the interpretation of trade terms in foreign trade, ICC published international rules……)
注釋:a set of: 一組,一套 uniform: 一致的,統(tǒng)一的 interpretation : 解釋,說明commonly: 一般的,通常的,普遍的( = generally, usually) trade terms: 貿(mào)易術(shù)語,貿(mào)易條款 (另外:比如 trade practices 貿(mào)易慣例 trade contract 貿(mào)易合同 等)ICC:全稱:International Chamber of Commerce.國際商會。Incoterms: 全稱:International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms 國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則be known as: 統(tǒng)稱為……,以……著稱
中文意思:為了給對外貿(mào)易中普遍使用的貿(mào)易條款給予統(tǒng)一的解釋,國際商會于 1936年發(fā)布了一套最初用于詮釋這些貿(mào)易條款的國際規(guī)則,統(tǒng)稱為“國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則1936”。
英文原文:Later amendments and additions were made to it to bring the rules in line with current international trade practices.
注釋:later : 稍候,隨后 (另外latest: 最近的,最新的)amendment: 修改,修正(尤指對規(guī)則,法律,聲明等條款的修正,修訂,修改)addition: 增加物(在這里是指添加的條款和內(nèi)容)in line with: 與……一致,與……相同 (相反的是:out of line with)current: 現(xiàn)今的,當代的,時下的international trade practices: 國際貿(mào)易慣例,國際貿(mào)易實踐
中文意思:以后又對此通則作了修改和補充,以便使這些規(guī)則適應(yīng)當前國際貿(mào)易實踐的發(fā)展。
英文原文:The latest edition is “Incoterms 2000”, which includes 13 different international trade terms: EXW, CFR, CIF, CPT, CIP, FOB, FAS, FCA, DAF, DES, DEQ, DDU and DDP.
注釋:edition: ( 書籍,書刊等的)版本,版次。
13個貿(mào)易術(shù)語:
EXW: 工廠交貨
CFR:成本加運費
CIF:成本,保險費加運費
CPT:運費付至
CIP:運費、保險費付至
FOB:裝運港船上交貨
FAS:裝運港船邊交貨
FCA:貨交承運人
DAF:邊境交貨
DES:目的港船上交貨
DEQ:目的港碼頭交貨
DDU:未完稅交貨
DDP:完稅交貨
中文意思:通則最新的版本是“國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則2000”,它包含了13個不同的國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語:EXW, CFR, CIF, CPT, CIP, FOB, FAS, FCA, DAF, DES, DEQ, DDU 和DDP
英文原文:Each term specifies whether the buyer or the seller is responsible for arranging such necessities as export license, customs clearance, inspections, and other obligations. They specify at which point the risk of loss and/or damage passes from seller to buyer as well as which party pays for specific activities. A buyer and a seller who conduct their purchase and sale under one of the Incoterms, therefore, will have a mutual understanding of their rights, costs, and obligations.
。ǖ谝痪湓挘覀兛梢赃@么來理解) Each term specifies the traders must bear each relevant responsibility and obligation.即貿(mào)易商必須承擔(bear)各自相關(guān)的責(zé)任和義務(wù)。(They = 13 trade terms )
注釋:specify: 具體說明,詳細說明,規(guī)定(名詞:specification: 說明書)whether……or……: 是……還是…… be responsible for: 負責(zé)……,承擔……責(zé)任necessity: 必須,需要(在這里是指“必須要做的事”)export license: 出口許可證inspection: 檢驗 (商品檢驗:commodity inspection)obligation: 職責(zé),義務(wù) point: 在這里是一個抽象的概念,指“在空間或者時間真實的或想象當中的某一點”例如:at this point = at this moment / at this place (在此刻,在此地) risk: 風(fēng)險activity: 活動,行為(復(fù)數(shù)形式尤指“所作的事務(wù),待做的工作”)
conduct: 管理,經(jīng)營,處理(=manage, control) purchase:購買( = buy) mutual: 相互的,彼此的。╤ave a mutual understanding: 對于……達到共識)therefore: 因此,為此
中文意思:每一個術(shù)語都明確規(guī)定由誰來辦理出口許可證、出口清關(guān)、商品檢驗及其他義務(wù)。同時,還明確了丟失及/或損壞的風(fēng)險在哪一點由賣方轉(zhuǎn)移到買方,以及哪方需承擔的相應(yīng)的費用。這樣,賣方和買方如果采用2000年國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則中的一個術(shù)語做貿(mào)易的話,就會清楚雙方各自的權(quán)利、需支付的費用以及各自的義務(wù)。
英文原文:Here six major trade terms are discussed. The traditional three trade terms are FOB, CFR, and CIF, while FCA, CPT, and CIP are new terms developed on the basis of the traditional ones. They are suitable for any mode of transport.
注釋:discuss: 談到,討論 traditional: 傳統(tǒng)的 on the basis of: 以…為基礎(chǔ)
中文意思:這里主要談到6個貿(mào)易術(shù)語。其中三個傳統(tǒng)的貿(mào)易術(shù)語:FOB, CFR和CIF,以及在這三個傳統(tǒng)的貿(mào)易術(shù)語基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展起來的新的三個貿(mào)易術(shù)語FCA, CPT和CIP,新的三個貿(mào)易術(shù)語適合任何運輸方式。
應(yīng)注意:傳統(tǒng)的三個貿(mào)易術(shù)語FOB, CFR, CIF不適合多式聯(lián)運,只合適于水上運輸,而新的三個貿(mào)易術(shù)語FCA, CPT, CIP適合任何運輸方式,包括多式聯(lián)運。(考點)
歷年考題:
1)Which of the following trade terms may be used for any mode of transport, including multimodal transport. (2004年單選題)
A. FOB B. CIP C. CIF D. CFR
答案:B
分析:FOB, CIF 和 CFR 都不能適用于國際多式聯(lián)運。
二、六個主要的貿(mào)易術(shù)語(其中傳統(tǒng)的貿(mào)易術(shù)語有三個:FOB,CFR,CIF;在傳統(tǒng)基礎(chǔ)上新發(fā)展的貿(mào)易術(shù)語有三個:FCA, CPT, CIP ) (考試重點)
1、傳統(tǒng)的三個貿(mào)易術(shù)語
FOB – Free On Board (……named port of shipment) 船上交貨(指定裝運港)
英文定義:“Free on Board”means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship‘s rail at the named part of shipment. “船上交貨”是指當貨物在指定的裝運港越過船舷,賣方即完成交貨。
注釋:pass: 越過,通過; ship‘s rail: 船舷; named: 指定的
這個術(shù)語應(yīng)注意以下幾點:
1)The buyer has to bear all costs and risks of loss of or damage to the goods from that point. 即買方在貨物越過船舷之后承擔所有的費用,風(fēng)險和損失。
2)FOB term requires the seller to clear the goods for export. 即FOB條款要求由賣方辦理貨物的出口清關(guān)手續(xù)。
3) FOB term can be used only for sea or inland waterway transport. 即FOB條款只適用于海運或者是內(nèi)河運輸。
注釋:inland waterway transport: 內(nèi)河運輸
歷年考題:
1)FOB means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship‘s rail at the named port of discharge. ( 2004年判斷題)
答案:錯
分析:FOB means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship‘s rail at the named part of shipment. 指當貨物在指定的裝運港越過船舷,賣方即完成交貨。( 不是 port of discharge 卸貨港)
CFR - Cost and Freight (…… named port of destination) 成本加運費(指定目的港)
英文定義:“Cost and Freight”means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship‘s rail in the port of shipment. “成本加運費”是指當貨物在指定的裝運港越過船舷,賣方即完成交貨。
這個術(shù)語應(yīng)注意以下幾點:
1)The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination. 即賣方必須支付貨物運至目的港所需要的運費和費用。(與FOB的區(qū)別)
2) But the risk of loss of or damage to the goods, as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time of delivery, are transferred from the seller to the buyer. 但是交貨后貨物滅失或損壞的風(fēng)險,以及由于各種事件造成的任何額外費用,即由賣方轉(zhuǎn)移到買方。(風(fēng)險的劃分與FOB不一樣的。是在目的港船舷。)
注釋:occur:(事件等)發(fā)生;events: 事件 transfer: 轉(zhuǎn)移
3) CFR term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.即由賣方負責(zé)辦理貨物的出口清關(guān)手續(xù)。(同F(xiàn)OB)
4) CFR term can be used only for sea and inland waterway transport.即CFR只適用于海運和內(nèi)陸水路運輸(同F(xiàn)OB)
歷年考題:
1)Under the CFR term, the risk of loss of or damage to the goods is transferred from the seller to the buyer when the goods pass the ship‘s rail in the
A. port of destination B. port of discharge C. port of shipment D. port of delivery
答案:A
分析:port of destination 目的港; port of discharge 卸貨港 port of shipment 裝運港
port of delivery 交貨港 CFR 是指定目的港,所以選A
CIF-Cost, Insurance, and Freight (……named port of destination) 成本,保險費加運費(指定目的港)
英文定義: “Cost, Insurance, and Freight”means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship‘s rail in the port of shipment. “成本,保險加運費”即當貨物在裝運港越過船舷之后,賣方即完成交貨義務(wù)。
這個術(shù)語應(yīng)注意以下幾點:
1)The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination. 即賣方必須支付貨物運至目的港所需要的運費和費用。(同CFR)
2)But the risk of loss of or damage to the goods, as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time of delivery, are transferred from the seller to the buyer. 但是交貨后貨物滅失或損壞的風(fēng)險,以及由于各種條件造成的任何額外費用,即由賣方轉(zhuǎn)移到買方。(風(fēng)險的劃分與CFR 是一樣的)
3)However, in CIF the seller also has to procure insurance against the buyer‘s risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage. Consequently the seller contracts for insurance and pays the insurance premium.但是,在CIF條件下,賣方還需要辦理買方貨物在運輸途中滅失或損壞風(fēng)險的海運保險。因此,由賣方簽訂保險合同并且支付保險費用(不同于FOB和CFR,)
注釋:procure: (尤指用心或者費力)獲得,取得,在這里我們引申為“辦理”; against: 反對,對于 carriage: 運費,運輸(在這里指的是“運輸”);consequently: 因此,所以; contract:在這里是動詞的用法,意為:簽約,訂立合同(常與with 和for連用); insurance premium: 保險費
4)CIF term requires the seller to clear the goods for export. 即由賣方負責(zé)辦理貨物的出口清關(guān)手續(xù)。(同F(xiàn)OB和CFR)
2、新的三個貿(mào)易術(shù)語
FCA-Free Carrier (……named place) 貨交承運人(指定地點)
英文定義:“Free Carrier”means that sellers delivers the goods, cleared for export, to the carrier nominated by the buyer at the named place. “貨交承運人”是指賣方只要將貨物在指定的地點交給由買方指定的承運人,并辦理了出口清關(guān)手續(xù),即完成交貨。
注釋:nominated: 指定的,指派的
這一術(shù)語應(yīng)注意以下幾點:
1)Seller should clear the goods for export.賣方負責(zé)辦理出口清關(guān)手續(xù)。
2)The chosen place of delivery has an impact on the obligations of loading and unloading the goods at that place.交貨地點的選擇對于在該地點裝貨和卸貨的義務(wù)會產(chǎn)生影響。
- If delivery occurs at the seller‘s premises, the seller is responsible for loading.如賣方在其所在地交貨,則由賣方負責(zé)裝貨。
- If delivery occurs at any other place, the seller is not responsible for unloading.如賣方在任何其他地點交貨,則賣方不負責(zé)卸貨。
注釋:impact: 常與on聯(lián)用,對……施加影響;premise: 生產(chǎn)場所,經(jīng)營場址(在這里引申為“所在地”之意)
3)FCA term may be used irrespective of the mode of transport, including multimodal transport.
FCA術(shù)語可用于各種運輸方式,包括多式聯(lián)運。
注釋:irrespective: 常與of聯(lián)用,意為:不論……的,任何的;multimodal transport:多式聯(lián)(multi-前綴,常表示“多種的”的意思)
4)If the buyer nominates a person other than a carrier to receive the goods, the seller is deemed to have fulfilled his obligation to deliver the goods when they are delivered to that person.若買方指定承運人以外的人領(lǐng)取貨物,則當賣方將貨物交給此人時,即視為已履行交貨義務(wù),(風(fēng)險轉(zhuǎn)移給買方)
注釋:other than: 除了,不同于; be deemed to: 被視為; fulfill: 履行,完成
CPT — Carriage Paid to (…… named place of destination) 運費付至(指定目的地)
英文定義:“Carriage paid to…”means that the seller delivers the goods to the carrier nominated by him but the seller must in addition pay the cost of carriage necessary to bring the goods to the named destination. “運費付至”指賣方向其指定的承運人交貨,但賣方還必須支付貨物運至目的地的運費。
注釋:in addition: 另外
這一貿(mào)易術(shù)語要注意以下幾點:
1)The buyer bears all risks and any other costs occurring after the goods have been so delivered. 買方承擔交貨后的一切風(fēng)險和其他費用。
2)CPT與CFR的區(qū)別
CPT has much in common with the term CFR. The major difference is that CFR can only be used for sea and inland waterway transport, while CPT can be used for any mode of transport including multi-modal transport. If the parties do not intend to deliver the goods across the ship‘s rail, the CPT term is preferred.
CPT術(shù)語和CFR術(shù)語有很多相似之處。主要的區(qū)別在于CFR術(shù)語經(jīng)用于海運和內(nèi)陸和運輸,而CPT術(shù)語可適用于任何運輸方式,包括多式聯(lián)運。如果雙方不打算將貨物越過船舷交貨,應(yīng)使用CPT術(shù)語。
注釋:in common with: 和……一樣; major: 主要的;difference: 區(qū)別,不同之處; party: (條約,會議的) 參與者,常用復(fù)數(shù)形式與the聯(lián)用,表示“(合約)雙方”。Intend to: 打算做……;
across: 穿過,越過= pass; prefer : 更喜歡……,更傾向于……(preferred: 首選的)
CIP — Carriage and Insurance Paid to (…… named place of destination ) 運費加保險費付至(指定目的地)
英文定義:“Carriage and Insurance Paid to…”means that the seller delivers the goods to the carrier nominated by him but the seller must in addition pay the cost of carriage necessary to bring the goods to the named destination. “運費加保險費付至”是指賣方向其指定的承運人交貨,但賣方必須支付貨物運至目的地的運費。
這個術(shù)語應(yīng)該注意以下幾點:
1)The buyer bears all risks and any additional costs occurring after the goods have been so delivered.買方承擔交貨后的一切風(fēng)險和費用。
2)The seller also has to procure insurance against the buyer‘s risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage. Consequently, the seller contracts for insurance and pays the insurance premium. 賣方必須辦理買方貨物在運輸途中滅失或損壞風(fēng)險的保險。因此由賣方訂立保險合同并支付保險費。
3)CIP may be used irrespective of the mode of transport including multi-modal transport. CIP術(shù)語可用于各種運輸方式,包括多式聯(lián)運。
歷年考題
1)Under the trade term CIP, the must contract for the cargo transportation insurance. (2004年單選題)
A. buyer B. seller C. consignee D. carrier.
答案:B
分析:參考課文中CIP術(shù)語的具體描述
注意:以上六個貿(mào)易術(shù)語中,C組貿(mào)易術(shù)語由賣方指定承運人,并與承運人簽訂合同;而F組貿(mào)易術(shù)語是由買方指定承運人。(考點)
歷年考題:
1)According to INCOTERMS 2000, which group of the following trade terms mean that the seller must contract for the carriage of the goods to the named port ( or place ) of destination. (2005年單選題)
A. FOB, CFR, CIF B. FCA, CFR, CIF C. FOB, FCA, CIP D. CFR, CIF, CIP
答案:D
分析:需要與承運人訂立合同的(賣方指定承運人的)術(shù)語有:CFR, CIF, CIP, CPT; 買方指定承運人的術(shù)語有:FOB, FCA
三、常用短語、名詞
13個貿(mào)易術(shù)語(略)
Trade terms 貿(mào)易術(shù)語,貿(mào)易條款
ICC ( International Chamber of Commerce) 國際商會
Incoterms(International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms)國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則
International Trade practices 國際貿(mào)易實踐,國際貿(mào)易慣例
Inspection 檢驗
Inland waterway transport 內(nèi)河運輸
Multimodal transport 多式聯(lián)運
課后習(xí)題:
一、單選題
1.CPT stands for carriage paid to the
A. named place B. named port C. named port of destination D. named place of destination.
答案:D
2. The major difference between CIF and CFR is that under CIF, the seller is required to cover the
A. freight B. cost C. insurance D. voyage
答案:C
3. Under the FOB term, the risk of loss of or damage to the goods is transferred from the seller to the buyer when the goods pass the ship‘s rail in the
A. port of shipment
B. port of destination
C. port of unloading
D. port of delivery
答案:A
4. Which of the following trade terms can only be used for sea and inland waterway transport?
A. FOB
B. CPT
C. CIP
D. FCA
答案:A
5. Under CFR need contract for the carriage of the goods to the named port ( or place ) of destination.
A. carrier
B. insurer
C. buyer
D. seller
答案:D
二、多選題
1. A buyer and a seller who conduct their purchase and sale under one of the Incoterms will have a mutual understanding of their
A. obligations B. freight C. rights D. costs
答案:ACD
2. are the 3 traditional trade terms frequently used by traders in China ( )
A. CFR B. CIF C. CPT D. FOB
答案:ABD
3. Under CIF, the seller should pay
A. Freight
B. Insurance
C. Customs duty
D. Cost
答案:ABD
4. Which of the following trade terms can be used for international multi-modal transport?
A. FOB
B. CIF
C.CIP
D.CPT
答案 :CD
5.Which of the following trade terms need the seller pay the freight?
A. FOB
B. CFR
C. CIF
D. CPT
答案:BCD
二、判斷題
1. Under CFR, the seller should pay the insurance of the goods ( )
答案:錯
2. The major difference between CPT and CFR is: CPT can be used for any mode of transport and CFR only can be used for sea and inland waterway transport.
答案:對
3. If delivery occurs at a place outside the seller‘s premises, the seller is still responsible for unloading ( )
答案:錯
4. Under CFR, when the goods have been delivered on board the vessel, the seller is considered to have fulfilled his duties. He has no obligation to procure insurance or to inform the buyer of taking measures to take delivery of the goods or insure the goods ( )
答案:錯
5.Under the CIF term, the risk of loss of or damage to the goods is transferred from the seller to the buyer when the goods pass the ship‘s rail in the port of destination.
答案:錯
三。 英漢互譯
1)國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則 2)成本加運費 3)船上交貨 4)成本、保險費加運費 5)內(nèi)河運輸6)保險單 7)包裝費用 8)風(fēng)險轉(zhuǎn)移9)船舷 10) 出口許可證
答案: 1) Incoterms 2) Cost and Freight 3)Free on Board 4) Cost, Insurance, and Freight 5) inland waterway transport 6) insurance policy 7) packing costs 8) transfer of risks 9) ship‘s rail 10) export license
1) Free Carrier 2) Carriage Paid to 3) Carriage and Insurance Paid to 4) clear the goods for export 5) insurance premium 6) sea transport 7) named port of shipment 8) exchange control 9) seller‘s premise 10) ICC (International Chamber of Commerce)
答案:1)貨交承運人 2)運費付至 3)運費、保險費付至 4)辦理貨物出口清關(guān)手續(xù) 5)保險費 6)海運 7)指定裝運港 8)外匯管制 9)賣方所在地 10)國際商會