2010年單證員考試輔導(dǎo)：保單制作（2）
來源：來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)布時(shí)間：2010-05-24 17:50:44
第二節(jié) 從Ｌ／Ｃ條款談保單制作
實(shí)務(wù)中，Ｌ／Ｃ（信用證）條款對(duì)保單的要求各式各樣，由于保單是被保險(xiǎn)人進(jìn)行索賠的主要依據(jù)，且又屬于有價(jià)證券范疇，故繕制保單不可不慎，具體應(yīng)注意以下幾個(gè)問題：
一、有關(guān)保單的投保人、保險(xiǎn)人／運(yùn)輸工具和運(yùn)輸路線問題
�、北蔚耐侗Ｈ耍ɑ虮槐ｋU(xiǎn)人）和保險(xiǎn)人必須符合信用證規(guī)定
投保人（或被保險(xiǎn)人）是指辦理貨物運(yùn)輸保險(xiǎn)的當(dāng)事人，亦即與保險(xiǎn)人簽訂保險(xiǎn)合同并承擔(dān)繳付保費(fèi)義務(wù)者，一般為貨物出險(xiǎn)后有權(quán)獲得賠償?shù)氖芤嫒�。在�?cái)產(chǎn)保險(xiǎn)合同中，投保人與被保險(xiǎn)人往往是同一人。如來證無其它規(guī)定，保險(xiǎn)單據(jù)的被保險(xiǎn)人應(yīng)是信用證上的受益人。但有些來證也會(huì)規(guī)定以買方為被保險(xiǎn)人，或規(guī)定保單抬頭人為某某銀行，甚至空白抬頭，有的卻規(guī)定提交中性單據(jù)。而保險(xiǎn)人（或稱承保人）是承保貨物運(yùn)輸險(xiǎn)別的當(dāng)事人，有權(quán)向投保人收取保費(fèi)但必須承擔(dān)保險(xiǎn)合同約定的賠償責(zé)任，一般為保險(xiǎn)公司或其代理人。在“ＣＩＦ”價(jià)格條款中，保險(xiǎn)由我方出口公司辦理，保險(xiǎn)人為我方保險(xiǎn)公司，而在“ＣＮＦ”或“ＦＯＢ”價(jià)格條款中，保險(xiǎn)通常由買方辦理，保險(xiǎn)人則為其指定保險(xiǎn)公司。實(shí)務(wù)中，常見的關(guān)于保單的投保人（或被保險(xiǎn)人）和保險(xiǎn)人問題的有如下Ｌ／Ｃ條款：
例⑴：INSURANCE POLICY OR CERTIFICATE IN NEGOTIABLE FORM ISSUED TO OUR ORDER SHOWING CLAIM PAYABLE AT DESTINATION FOR THE FULL INVOICE VALUE PLUS 10% COVERING THE FOLLOWING RISKS: MARINE, WAR, MINES ALL RISKS INCLUDING MARINE WPA. WAR AND SRCC RISKS. THEFT PILFERAGE AND NON DELIVERY RISKS. FROM WAREHOUSE TO WAREHOUSE.
例⑵：POLICY OF INSURANCE ORDER DISCOUNT BANK (LATIN AMERICA), FOR 110.00 PERCENT CIF VALUE COVERING ALL RISKS: MARINE WAR, MINES TORPEDOS, FIRE THEFT, LARCENY, WPA FROM WAREHOUSE TO WAREHOUSE INCLUDING 60 DAYS AT MONTEVIDEO CUSTOMS HOUSE.
例⑶：INSURANCE POLICY IN DUPLICATE ISSUED TO THE ORDER OF APPLICANT FOR NOT LESS THAN 110% OF CIF INVOICE VALUE COVERING GOODS FROM WAREHOUSE TO WAREHOUSE MARKED CLAIMS PAYABLE IN TURKEY AND INDICATING NAME AND ADDRESS OF INSURANCE CO'S AGENTS IN TURKEY COVERING I.C.C. (A) INSTITUTE STRIKE CLAUSES (CARGO) AND INSTITUTE WAR CLAUSES (CARGO).
例⑷：2 ORIGINAL(S) OF INSURANCE POLICY AND CERTIFICATE MADE OUT TO ORDER AND BLANK ENDORSED, FOR 110 PERCENT OF THE TOTAL CIF- VALUE COVERING ALL RISKS AND WAR RISKS.
例⑸：INSURANCE COVERED IN BANGLADESH, CERTIFICATION OF SHIPMENT TO BE SENT DIRECT TO FEDERAL INSURANCE CO., LTD. IMAMGANJ BR. DHAKA AND TO THE OPENERS IMMEDIATELY AFTER SHIPMENT QUOTING COVER NOTE NO. EIC/IMA/MC-1700/08/99 AND THIS CREDIT NUMBER.
例⑹：INSURANCE COVERED BY OPENERS. ALL SHIPMENTS UNDER THIS CREDIT MUST BE ADVISED BY YOU IMMEDIATELY AFTER SHIPMENT DIRECT TO M/S. QATAR INSURANCE CO., PO BOX. NO. 4066, DUBAI/ U.A.E. AND TO THE OPENERS REFERRING TO THEIR OPEN POLICY NO.40 GIVING FULL DETAIL OF SHIPMENTS.
在例⑴至例⑷中，均提及到保單的投保人（或被保險(xiǎn)人），但例⑴的被保險(xiǎn)人是以開證行為抬頭（“ＴＯ�。希眨摇。希遥模牛�”），例⑵是以某指定銀行為抬頭，例⑶是以申請(qǐng)人為抬頭，例⑷是空白抬頭，這是進(jìn)口商或開證行為保障貨物出險(xiǎn)后掌握索賠主動(dòng)權(quán)而作的規(guī)定。制單時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)具體規(guī)定準(zhǔn)確填列，如對(duì)于例⑴和例⑵，可在被保險(xiǎn)人一欄先打上我方出口公司名稱，再在其后加上“ＨＥＬＤ�。裕稀。裕龋拧。希遥模牛摇。希啤。兀兀亍。拢粒危耍ㄩ_證行或某指定銀行）”；對(duì)于例⑶，可這樣填列：“ＣＨＩＮＡ ＮＡＴＩＯＮＡＬ……ＩＭＰＯＲＴ�。粒危摹。牛兀校希遥浴。茫希遥校ǔ隹诠荆龋牛蹋摹。裕稀。裕龋拧。希遥模牛摇。希啤。兀兀兀ㄉ暾�(qǐng)人）”；對(duì)于例⑷，可在保單的被保險(xiǎn)人一欄填上：“ＸＸＸ（出口公司）ＦＯＲ ＴＨＥ�。粒茫茫希眨危浴。希啤。祝龋希汀。桑浴。停粒佟。茫希危茫牛遥�”（某出口公司代被保險(xiǎn)人利益）；若來證規(guī)定保單抬頭為第三者名稱（即中性單據(jù)），則被保險(xiǎn)人一欄可填寫“ＴＯ�。祝龋希汀。桑浴。停粒佟。茫希危茫牛遥�”。在例⑸和例⑹中，均規(guī)定由買方投保，同時(shí)指明了保險(xiǎn)人，且兩者都要求出口公司裝運(yùn)后將裝運(yùn)情況的證明書寄給進(jìn)口商所在國(guó)的保險(xiǎn)公司（保險(xiǎn)人）及開證人，并注明其暫保單號(hào)碼，這是進(jìn)口商或開證行出于自身利益或本國(guó)政策需要（某些國(guó)家為扶持本國(guó)保險(xiǎn)業(yè)，規(guī)定進(jìn)口貨物要在其國(guó)內(nèi)投保）而作的規(guī)定。制單時(shí)，應(yīng)注意這些要求，并根據(jù)實(shí)際情況靈活處理。如例⑸可由買方投保，出口公司只需在裝運(yùn)后將裝運(yùn)情況（如貨名、數(shù)量、規(guī)格、包裝、嘜頭、貨值、裝運(yùn)日期、裝運(yùn)港口、船名、航程等）以電訊或郵寄方式告知對(duì)方（包括證中指定保險(xiǎn)人及開證人）并提交相應(yīng)證明書（隨附其它單據(jù)一起）給議付行即可，例⑹同理。
�、脖紊系倪\(yùn)輸工具和運(yùn)輸路線需與來證要求一致
運(yùn)輸工具是運(yùn)載貨物的交通工具，一般指船只和車輛，具體包括船名或車號(hào)，且保單上的運(yùn)輸工具與提單上的運(yùn)輸工具通常是相同或?qū)?yīng)的。而運(yùn)輸路線則是運(yùn)送貨物的起訖地，一般指從裝運(yùn)港到卸貨港或目的地的整個(gè)運(yùn)輸路徑或過程。實(shí)務(wù)中，常見的涉及保單的運(yùn)輸工具和運(yùn)輸路線的有如下Ｌ／Ｃ條款：
例⑴：SHIPMENT BY STEAMER FROM CHINA TO LIMASSOL IN TRANSIT LATEST 30/09/99.
例⑵：INSURANCE POLICY OR CERTIFICATE COVERING OVERLAND TRANSPORTATION ALL RISKS AS PER OVERLAND TRANSPORTATION CARGO INSURANCE CLAUSES OF THE PEOPLE'S INSURANCE COMPANY OF CHINA FOR GOODS CONSIGNED BY RAIL.
例⑶：ORIGINAL MARINE INSURANCE POLICY OR CERTIFICATE FOR FULL CIF VALUE PLUS 10 PERCENT COVERING AGAINST ALL RISKS AND WAR RISKS CLAUSES INCLUDING RISK OF CONTAMINATION AND ISOMERISATION INHERENT OR OTHERWISE AND SHORTAGE IN WEIGHT IN EXCESS OF 0.5 PERCENT SUBJECT TO C.I.C. (1/1/81) FROM WAREHOUSE IN CHINA TO WAREHOUSE IN UK AND PER LAND TRANSPORT AND OCEAN VESSEL (STATING ACTUAL NAME OF VESSEL ) WAREHOUSE TO WAREHOUSE CLAUSE INCLUDED.
例⑷：SHIPMENT FROM ANY CHINESE AIRPORT CIF BEIRUT INT'L AIRPORT LEBANON.
例⑸：SHIPMENT FROM CHINESE PORT TO PORT LOUIS, MAURITUS.
例⑹：SHIPMENT FROM BEIHAI,CHINA TO HONGKONG.
在例⑴至例⑷中，均規(guī)定或暗示了相應(yīng)的運(yùn)輸工具，如例⑴和例⑶為輪船，例⑵為火車，例⑷為飛機(jī)，這是進(jìn)口商出于貨物運(yùn)輸?shù)男枰鞯囊?guī)定。制單時(shí)，應(yīng)分別按不同的要求在保單的運(yùn)輸工具一欄上填列相應(yīng)的運(yùn)輸工具，對(duì)于例⑴和例⑶要打上船名（如“ＮＡＮ ＦＡＮＧ�。梗埃�”），例⑵要打上用火車運(yùn)輸（“ＢＹ�。裕遥粒桑�”），例⑷要打上用飛機(jī)運(yùn)輸（“ＢＹ�。粒桑遥校蹋粒危�”）。在例⑷至例⑹中，指明了特定的運(yùn)輸路線，如例⑷規(guī)定裝運(yùn)自中國(guó)任何航空港口到貝魯特國(guó)際航空港口，例⑸規(guī)定裝運(yùn)自中國(guó)港口（通常指海港）到路易斯港口，例⑹規(guī)定裝運(yùn)自北海到香港，這是進(jìn)出口雙方根據(jù)貿(mào)易需要事先商定的條款。制單時(shí)，應(yīng)注意在保單上正確顯示運(yùn)輸路線，對(duì)于例⑷和例⑸要打上具體的裝運(yùn)港口和卸貨港口，例⑹要在裝運(yùn)港一欄“ＦＲＯＭ”打上“ＢＥＩＨＡＩ”（北海），而在卸貨港一欄“ＴＯ”打上“ＨＯＮＧＫＯＮＧ”（香港），且與提單顯示一致。
二、有關(guān)保單的保險(xiǎn)金額、保險(xiǎn)貨幣／保險(xiǎn)貨物和承保條件問題
�、北ｋU(xiǎn)金額和保險(xiǎn)貨幣必須符合信用證規(guī)定
保險(xiǎn)金額是發(fā)生保險(xiǎn)事故時(shí)計(jì)算賠償金額的依據(jù)，財(cái)產(chǎn)保險(xiǎn)一般按照保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的之價(jià)值確定保險(xiǎn)金額。進(jìn)出口貨物保險(xiǎn)的保險(xiǎn)金額，通常以貨物的貨價(jià)、運(yùn)費(fèi)、保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)之總和（ＣＩＦ）作為保險(xiǎn)金額。國(guó)際貿(mào)易慣例對(duì)貨運(yùn)保險(xiǎn)金額一般按“ＣＩＦ”加成１０％計(jì)算，并在合同中訂明。而保險(xiǎn)貨幣（即賠償貨幣）是指發(fā)生保險(xiǎn)事故進(jìn)行賠償時(shí)必須支付的計(jì)價(jià)貨幣。港澳地區(qū)一般以港幣計(jì)價(jià)，英、美、法、德等大多數(shù)國(guó)家以美元計(jì)價(jià)。實(shí)務(wù)中，常見的限制保險(xiǎn)金額和保險(xiǎn)貨幣的有如下Ｌ／Ｃ條款：
例⑴：INSURANCE POLICY/ CERTIFICATE IN DUPLICATE AND ENDORSED IN BLANK FOR 110 PCT OF THE INVOICE VALUE, WITH CLAIMS, IF ANY, PAYABLE AT DESTINATION IN THE CURRENCY OF THE CREDIT, COVERING ALL RISKS, WAR RISKS AND F.R.E.C.
例⑵：INSURANCE POLICY OR CERTIFICATE IN DUPLICATE COVERING MARINE WAR TPND SRCC FPA WPA FIRE ROAD TRANSIT BREAKAGE PACKAGE LEAKAGE AND ALL RISKS FOR FULL CIF VALUE PLUS MINIMUM 20 PERCENT UPTO FINAL DESTINATION IN JANAKPUR DHAM AND INSURANCE POLICY OR CERTIFICATE MUST BE VALID FOR 90 DAYS AFTER THE DISCHARGE OF GOODS FROM THE VELLES AT THE PORT OF DESTINATION.
例⑶：MARINE INSURANCE POLICY OR CERTIFICATE IN DUPLICATE, ENDORSED IN BLANK FOR 172.9862 PERCENT OF THE INVOICE VALUE, COVERING INSTITUTE CARGO CLAUSES ALL RISKS, INSTITUTE WAR CLAUSES, INSTITUTE STRIKES RIOTS AND CIVIL COMMOTIONS CLAUSES.
例⑷：INSURANCE POLICY OR CERTIFICATE MUST SHOW CLAIMS PAYABLE IN AMMAN TO THE ORDER OF ARAB BANK LTD., IRRESPECTIVE OF PERCENTAGE, STATING NAME AND ADDRESS OF AGENT OR REPRESENTATIVE IN JARDAN, SHOWING PREMIUM PAID AND COVERING THE FOLLOWING RISKS FROM WAREHOUSE TO FINAL WAREHOUSE: INSTITUTE WAR CLAUSES AND INSTITUTE STRIKES CLAUSES INCLUDING RIOTS AND CIVIL COMMOTIONS.
例⑸：INSURANCE POLICY(IES) OR CERTIFICATE(S) IN DUPLICATE, IN ASSIGNABLE FORM AND ENDORSED IN BLANK, COVERING INSTITUTE CARGO CLAUSES(A), INSTITUTE WAR CLAUSE (CARGO) AND INSTITUTE STRIKES CLAUSE (CARGO) FOR FULL CIF INVOICE VALUE PLUS AT LEAST 10 PER CENT WITH CLAIMS PAYABLE IN HONGKONG IN CURRENCY OF THE DRAFTS.
例⑹：INSURANCE POLICY/ CERTIFICATE IN DUPLICATE COVERING ALL RISKS AND WAR RISK FOR 110 PCT OF INVOICE VALUE, WITH CLAIM, IF ANY, PAYABLE IN U.S.A. IN U.S. DOLLARS.
在例⑴至例⑹（例⑷除外）中，均顯示了需投保的保險(xiǎn)金額（百分比），但其比例是不盡相同的，如例⑴和例⑹是發(fā)票值的１１０％，例⑵是２０％，例⑶是１７２．９８６２％，例⑸則要求至少按“ＣＩＦ”的發(fā)票全值加成１０％（即１１０％）投保，這是進(jìn)口商預(yù)計(jì)進(jìn)口貨物的銷售利潤(rùn)而定的比例。制單時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)具體規(guī)定和實(shí)際情況靈活處理，對(duì)于例⑴，要按發(fā)票值的１１０％計(jì)算保險(xiǎn)金額，例⑵要按“ＣＩＦ”全值的１２０％投保，例⑶的投保比例過高（１７２．９８６２％），超過保險(xiǎn)公司的限額（一般小于貨值的１２０％），故需事先獲得保險(xiǎn)公司的認(rèn)可或去電聯(lián)系修改，若屬特殊情況且經(jīng)保險(xiǎn)公司同意，可按該比例計(jì)算投保金額，例⑷要求顯示保費(fèi)已付，但未要求具體投保比例，可按習(xí)慣比例１１０％投保，并注明保費(fèi)已付，例⑸可按“ＣＩＦ”發(fā)票全值的１１０％計(jì)算保額，例⑹的保險(xiǎn)金額是按發(fā)票值的１１０％計(jì)算，以上各例得出具體數(shù)值后，將其填列在保單上的保險(xiǎn)金額一欄內(nèi)，通常其大小寫金額要同時(shí)顯示。而在例⑴、例⑸和例⑹中，則規(guī)定了相應(yīng)的投保貨幣，其中例⑴要求投保貨幣為信用證所用貨幣，例⑸要求的是港幣，例⑹要求的是美元，這是進(jìn)口商根據(jù)本國(guó)或本地區(qū)的貿(mào)易習(xí)慣所作的規(guī)定。制單時(shí)，應(yīng)注意遵守，對(duì)于例⑴，可按信用證上所用的貨幣計(jì)價(jià)，如英鎊則打上英鎊，日元?jiǎng)t顯示日元，其它類推，例⑸必須是港幣，例⑹則是美元，不可用錯(cuò)。
⒉保險(xiǎn)貨物和承保條件需合乎來證要求
保險(xiǎn)貨物（即保險(xiǎn)對(duì)象或保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的）是指在進(jìn)出口業(yè)務(wù)中需投保的各種各樣的貨物（如海產(chǎn)品、工藝品、炮竹煙花等），也是提單上所裝之貨物。而承保條件（或稱保險(xiǎn)險(xiǎn)別）是指保險(xiǎn)雙方約定的責(zé)任范圍，即被保險(xiǎn)人遇到怎樣的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)造成的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失可以從保險(xiǎn)人那里得到補(bǔ)償。它是保險(xiǎn)合同的重要內(nèi)容之一，不同險(xiǎn)別的責(zé)任范圍各不相同，保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)率也有差異。投保人要投保什么樣的險(xiǎn)別，一般視貨物的特性和裝運(yùn)貨物的運(yùn)輸工具、保障程度或范圍而定。實(shí)務(wù)中，常見的關(guān)于保險(xiǎn)貨物和承保條件的有如下Ｌ／Ｃ條款：
例⑴：INSURANCE POLICY OR CERTIFICATE IN ASSIGNABLE FORM AND ENDORSED IN BLANK FOR 110 PCT INVOICE VALUE SHOWING CLAIMS PAYABLE AT HONGKONG COVERING INSTITUTE CARGO CLAUSES(A). COVERING SHIPMENT OF 400 METRIC TONS OF 112 GSM MEDIUM PAPER IN ROLL AT USD362.00 PER METRIC TON.
例⑵：MARINE INSURANCE POLICY/ CERTIFICATE FOR NOT LESS THAN TEN PER CENT OVER THE INVOICE VALUE COVERING ALL RISKS AS PER C.I.C. AND TRANSHIPMENT RISKS COVERING THE GOODS --"CINNAMON" (CASSIA LIGNEA WHOLE) SIKIANG ORIGIN "SIALING BOAT" BRAND (MOISTURE UNDER 19%) UP TO PORT LOUIS WAREHOUSE TO WAREHOUSE AND CLAIMS IF ANY PAYABLE IN MAURITIUS.
例⑶：INSURANCE POLICIES (OR CERTIFICATES) ENDORSED IN BLANK, FOR INVOICE VALUE OF THE GOODS PLUS 10% COVERING MARINE AND WAR RISKS INCLUDING INSTITUTE CARGO CLAUSE (A), INSTITUTE WAR CLAUSE PORT KELANG THENCE TO BUYER WAREHOUSE IN MELAKA, MALAYSIA, CLAIMS PAYABLE AT MELAKA, MALAYSIA.
例⑷：MARINE INSURANCE POLICY OR CERTIFICATE FOR FULL CIF VALUE PLUS 10 PERCENT COVERING AGAINST ALL RISKS AND WAR RISKS AS PER OCEAN MARINE CARGO AND WAR RISKS CLAUSES INCLUDING RISK OF CONTAMINATION AND ISOMERISATION INHERENT OR OTHERWISE, AND SHORTAGE IN WEIGHT IN EXCESS OF 0.5 PERCENT SUBJECT TO C.I.C. (1/1/81) FROM WAREHOUSE IN CHINA TO WAREHOUSE IN EUROPE AND PER LAND TRANSPORT AND OCEAN VESSEL (STATING ACTUAL NAME OF VESSEL) WAREHOUSE TO WAREHOUSE CLAUSES INCLUDED.
例⑸：INSURANCE CERTIFICATE, BLANK ENDORSED, COVERING ALL RISKS AND WAR RISKS AS PER O.M.C. AND WAR CLAUSES OF THE P.I.C.C. DATED 1.1.81 FOR 110 PERCENT OF THE INVOICE VALUE, IN ORIGINAL AND COPY.
例⑹：NEGOTIABLE INSURANCE POLICY IN 3 FOLD, FOR 110% OF THE INVOICE VALUE COVERING ALL RISKS, WAR, SRCC, FROM WAREHOUSE TO FINAL DESTINATION WAREHOUSE WAREGEM, AS PER CURRENT ICC TERMS, CLAIMS PAYABLE IN BELGIUM.
在例⑴、例⑵和例⑶中，均提及保險(xiǎn)貨物，但各有不同，例⑴不僅有確定的貨名，而且還有具體的數(shù)量、規(guī)格和價(jià)格；例⑵的貨名有兩種表述（“ＣＩＮＮＡＭＯＮ”和“ＣＡＳＳＩＡ�。蹋桑牵危牛痢。祝龋希蹋�”），且有產(chǎn)地和商標(biāo)等要求；例⑶則只是簡(jiǎn)單地提一下貨物“ＧＯＯＤＳ”，而沒有具體指明是什么貨物（可能其它條款另有說明），這是進(jìn)口商為便于索賠而作的規(guī)定或開證行的開證習(xí)慣。制單時(shí)，應(yīng)注意這些規(guī)定，對(duì)于例⑴，要在保險(xiǎn)貨物一欄打上具體的貨名、數(shù)量、規(guī)格，但價(jià)格可省略；例⑵要將兩種貨名描述打上，并相應(yīng)注明產(chǎn)地和商標(biāo)等內(nèi)容；例⑶則要參照來證中描述貨物的其它條款打上具體貨名，并注意與提單所述保持一致。而在例⑶至例⑹中，都出現(xiàn)了承保條件，但各有差異，其中例⑶要求投保學(xué)會(huì)貨物保險(xiǎn)條款的海洋戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)險(xiǎn)；例⑷要求按照海洋貨物和戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)險(xiǎn)條款投保中國(guó)保險(xiǎn)公司的一切險(xiǎn)和戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)險(xiǎn)，同時(shí)還包括污染和輻射（異化）險(xiǎn)以及短少超過０．５％的短少險(xiǎn)；例⑸要求投保中國(guó)人民保險(xiǎn)公司的一切險(xiǎn)和戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)險(xiǎn)；例⑹則要求投保學(xué)會(huì)條款的一切險(xiǎn)、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)險(xiǎn)和罷工險(xiǎn)，這是進(jìn)口商根據(jù)進(jìn)口貨物的特點(diǎn)、運(yùn)輸路線和本國(guó)貿(mào)易習(xí)慣所提出的要求，對(duì)此，應(yīng)予以重視。制單時(shí)，對(duì)于例⑶，要在承保條件一欄打上“ＣＯＶＥＲＩＮＧ�。停粒遥桑危牛裕稀。拢眨伲牛摇。祝粒遥牛龋希眨樱拧。桑巍。停牛蹋粒耍�，ＭＡＬＡＹＳＩＡ”（即承保學(xué)會(huì)貨物保險(xiǎn)條款的海洋戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)險(xiǎn)且至買方在馬來西亞馬六甲的倉庫）；對(duì)于例⑷，要打上“ＣＯＶＥＲＩＮＧ�。粒牵粒桑危樱浴。粒蹋獭。遥桑樱耍印。粒危摹。祝粒摇。遥桑樱耍印。粒印。校牛摇。樱眨拢剩牛茫浴。裕稀。茫桑茫ǎ保保福保�”；對(duì)于例⑸，要打上“ＣＯＶＥＲＩＮＧ�。粒蹋獭。遥桑樱耍印。希啤。裕龋拧。校桑茫茫模粒裕牛摹。保保福�”；而對(duì)于例⑹，則必須打上“ＣＯＶＥＲＩＮＧ ＡＬＬ�。遥桑樱耍樱祝粒摇。粒印。校牛摇。茫眨遥遥牛危浴。桑茫谩。裕牛遥停�”。這里需特別強(qiáng)調(diào)的是要把“Ｃ．Ｉ．Ｃ．”（中國(guó)保險(xiǎn)）或“Ｐ．Ｉ．Ｃ．Ｃ．”（中國(guó)人民保險(xiǎn)）和“ＩＣＣ”（倫敦學(xué)會(huì)保險(xiǎn)）區(qū)分開來，不可混用，以免引起麻煩。
三、有關(guān)賠付地點(diǎn)、查勘代理／保單日期和保單份數(shù)問題
�、辟r付地點(diǎn)和查勘代理必須與信用證規(guī)定一致
賠付地點(diǎn)是指保單上的貨物出險(xiǎn)后向保險(xiǎn)公司或其理賠代理人進(jìn)行索賠的地點(diǎn)，一般是在保單上載明的目的地（或目的港），但信用證另有要求除外。而查勘代理（或稱理賠代理人）是指接受保險(xiǎn)公司委托在目的地對(duì)受損貨物進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)和理賠的機(jī)構(gòu)或個(gè)人。只有保險(xiǎn)公司指定的檢驗(yàn)理賠代理人出具證明，保險(xiǎn)受益人方可得到賠償。在出口業(yè)務(wù)中，一般應(yīng)優(yōu)先選擇我方保險(xiǎn)公司委請(qǐng)的理賠代理人，以確保我方的正當(dāng)利益。需要注意的是，若保單載明的卸貨港不是最后目的地，則應(yīng)用最后目的地的代理人。實(shí)務(wù)中，常見的關(guān)系到賠付地點(diǎn)和查勘代理的有如下Ｌ／Ｃ條款：
例⑴：INSURANCE POLICIES/ CERTIFICATES IN THE CURRENCY OF THE CREDIT, BLANK ENDORSED, FOR 110% INVOICE VALUE INSURED FROM POINT OF ORIGIN TO BUYER'S WAREHOUSE AT DESTINATION WITH CLAIMS PAYABLE AT PENANG, MALAYSIA COVERING INSTITUTE CARGO CLAUSE A, INSTITUTE STRIKES CLAUSE AND INSTITUTE WAR CLAUSE INCLUDING TRANSHIPMENT RISKS IF TRANSHIPMENT IS TO EFFECTED.
例⑵：INSURANCE POLICY OR CERT. IN DUPLICATE, ENDORSED IN BLANK FOR 110% OF CIF INVOICE VALUE STIPULATING THAT CLAIMS ARE PAYABLE IN HONGKONG IN THE SAME CURRENCY AND INCLUDING 1982 INSTITUTE CARGO CLAUSES(A), 1982 INSTITUTE WAR CLAUSES (CARGO) , 1982 INSTITUTE STRIKES CLAUSES (CARGO), FROM SELLER'S WAREHOUSE TO BUYERS WAREHOUSE.
例⑶：FULL SET OF INSURANCE POLICY OR CERTIFICATE ENDORSED IN BLANK FOR 110 PCT. OF C.I.F. VALUE WITH CLAIMS PAYABLE AT DESTINATION COVERING P.I.C.C. MARINE CARGO CLAUSE (ALL RISKS) WAR RISKS AND F.R.E.C.
例⑷：MARINE INSURANCE POLICY OR CERTIFICATE IN DUPLICATE, ENDORSED IN BLANK FOR 110% OF THE INVOICE VALUE, INSURANCE POLICIES OR CERTIFICATES MUST EXPRESSLY STIPULATE THAT CLAIMS ARE PAYABLE IN THE CURRENCY OF THE DRAFT AND MUST ALSO INDICATE A CLAIM SETTLING AGENT IN KOREA, INSURANCE MUST INCLUDE: INSTITUTE CARGO CLAUSES: ALL RISKS AND WAR RISKS.
例⑸：INSURANCE POLICY/ CERTIFICATE IN 2-FOLD ISSUED FOR 110% OF THE INVOICE VALUE, COVERING INSTITUTE CARGO CLAUSE(A), CURRENT INSTITUTE WAR CLAUSE AND CURRENT INSTITUTE S.R.C.C. FROM WAREHOUSE TO WAREHOUSE, STATING CLAIMS PAYABLE IN HOLLAND BY DUTCH CLAIMS PAYING AGENT.
例⑹：INSURANCE POLICY OR CERTIFICATE IN DUPLICATE COVERING TRANSPORT AND WAR RISKS, AS PER INSTITUTE CARGO CLAUSES A, IRRESPECTIVE OF PERCENTAGES ISSUED TO ORDER AND BLANK ENDORSED MENTIONING CLAIMS SETTLING IN NORWAY.
在例⑴至例⑶中，均提及了賠償?shù)攸c(diǎn)，所不同的是，例⑴和例⑵分別給出了貨物出險(xiǎn)時(shí)具體的賠付地點(diǎn)“ＰＥＮＡＮＧ，ＭＡＬＡＹＳＩＡ”（馬來西亞檳城）和“ＨＯＮＧＫＯＮＧ”（香港），例⑶只籠統(tǒng)地要求賠付地點(diǎn)為“ＤＥＳＴＩＮＡＴＩＯＮ”（目的地），這是進(jìn)口商根據(jù)雙方合約和貨物銷售地所在情況而作的規(guī)定。制單時(shí)，對(duì)于例⑴和例⑵，可在保單的賠償?shù)攸c(diǎn)一欄內(nèi)分別打上具體的賠付地點(diǎn) “ＰＥＮＡＮＧ，ＭＡＬＡＹＳＩＡ”或“ＨＯＮＧＫＯＮＧ”，并加注賠付貨幣，而例⑶則按信用證或提單顯示的某個(gè)目的地打上實(shí)際地點(diǎn)（如目的地為香港則打上“ＨＯＮＧＫＯＮＧ”），同樣需加注賠付貨幣。
在例⑷至例⑹中，規(guī)定了賠付代理，其中例⑷規(guī)定的賠付代理所在國(guó)是“ＫＯＲＥＡ”（南韓），例⑸不僅規(guī)定賠付代理所在國(guó)為“ＨＯＬＬＡＮＤ”（荷蘭），而且還指明了具體的理賠代理人名稱“ＤＵＴＣＨ ＣＬＡＩＭＳ�。校粒伲桑危恰。粒牵牛危�”（荷蘭賠付代理），例⑹規(guī)定的賠付代理所在國(guó)別是“ＮＯＲＷＡＹ”（挪威），但沒有給出具體代理人名稱，這是進(jìn)口方根據(jù)本國(guó)國(guó)情或貿(mào)易習(xí)慣所作的規(guī)定，應(yīng)予以重視。制單時(shí)，對(duì)于例⑷，要在保單上注明韓國(guó)賠付代理名稱及地址，例⑸要在保單上注明荷蘭賠付代理名稱和地址，例⑹則要在保單上注明挪威賠付代理名稱和地址。
�、脖稳掌诤捅畏輸�(shù)要符合來證規(guī)定
保單日期是指在保單上標(biāo)明的日期，包括起運(yùn)日期（或裝運(yùn)日期）和簽單日期（或稱簽發(fā)日期）。根據(jù)《ＵＣＰ５００》第３４條Ｅ款規(guī)定：“除非信用證另有規(guī)定，或除非保險(xiǎn)單據(jù)表明保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任最遲于裝船或發(fā)運(yùn)或接受監(jiān)管日起生效，銀行對(duì)載明簽發(fā)日期遲于運(yùn)輸單據(jù)注明的裝船或發(fā)運(yùn)或接受監(jiān)管日期的保險(xiǎn)單據(jù)將不予接受”。而保單份數(shù)則是指保單上標(biāo)明的正、副本數(shù)量，正本份數(shù)通常為一至三份，副本份數(shù)可有多份，正本保單具有法定效力，副本保單不具法定效力。實(shí)務(wù)中，常見的制約保單日期和保單份數(shù)的有如下Ｌ／Ｃ條款：
例⑴：INSURANCE EFFECTED BY SHIPPER. SHPMENT LATEST JULY 15, 1999. PARTIAL SHIPMENT ARE PERMITTED. TRANSHIPMENT IS PROHIBITED.
例⑵：INSURANCE POLICY OR CERTIFICATE ISSUED IN NEGOTIABLE FORM FOR INVOICE AMOUNT PLUS 10.00%. SHIPMENT FROM FANG CHENG PORT TO GO DAU PORT, VIETNAM LATEST NOV. 10, 99.
例⑶：INSURANCE POLICY OR CERTIFICATE IN DUPLICATE, BLANK ENDORSED FOR 110 PCT OF THE CIF VALUE COVERING ALL RISKS, WAR RISKS AND S.R.C.C. EARLIEST SHIP DATE 05DEC99, LATEST SHIP DATE 15DEC99.
例⑷： INSURANCE POLICY/ CERTIFICATE (FULL SET) ISSUED IN NEGOTIABLE FORM COVERING THE FOLLOWING RISKS: ALL RISKS AND WAR RISKS AS PER OCEAN MARINE CARGO CLAUSE (JAN. 1ST., 1981) INCLUDING FROM WAREHOUSE BENEFICIARY UPTO APPLICANTS WAREHOUSE OOTMARSUM AND OCEAN MARINE CARGO WAR RISK CLAUSE (JAN. 1ST., 1981) OF THE PEOPLE'S INSURANCE COMPANY OF CHINA WITH CLAIMS PAYABLE IN HOLLAND IN THE CURRENCY OF THE CREDIT FOR CIF VALUE PLUS 10 PERCENT.
例⑸：INSURANCE POLICY/ CERTIFICATE IN ONE ORIGINAL AND ONE COPY FOR 110 PCT OF THE CIF VALUE COVERING ALL RISKS(A), INSTITUTE WAR CLAUSES (CARGO) AND INSTITUTE STRIKES CLAUSES (CARGO) AS PER ICC DD.1.1.82.
例⑹：MARINE INSURANCE CERTIFICATES/ POLICIES IN 2 COPIES COVERING MARINE INSTITUTE CARGO CLAUSES A, INSTITUTE WAR CLAUSES (CARGO) AND INSTITUTE STRIKE CLAUSES (CARGO) FOR FULL CIF VALUE PLUS 10 PERCENT, IF GOODS IS SUBJECT TO TRANSHIPMENT, RISKS OF TRANSHIPMENT MUST ALSO BE COVERED.
在例⑴至例⑶中，均出現(xiàn)最遲裝運(yùn)日，稍有不同的是，例⑶除了有最遲裝運(yùn)日外，還有最早裝運(yùn)日限制，這是進(jìn)口商為了更好地掌握貨物到達(dá)時(shí)間而作的規(guī)定。制單時(shí)，對(duì)于例⑴和例⑵，可按最遲裝運(yùn)日期在保單的起運(yùn)日期和簽單日期兩欄上分別加注這一日期（起運(yùn)日期和簽單日期可在同一天），且必須與提單上的裝運(yùn)日期保持一致；對(duì)于例⑶，要注意保單上的起運(yùn)日期和簽單日期需在最早裝運(yùn)日期和最遲裝運(yùn)日期之間（即介于０５ＤＥＣ９９和１５ＤＥＣ９９之間，這兩天可包括在內(nèi)）。而在例⑶至例⑹中，均提及保單份數(shù)，所不同的是，例⑶表示的是正本保單份數(shù)為“ＩＮ�。模眨校蹋桑茫粒裕�”（一式兩份），例⑷表示的是正本保單份數(shù)為“ＦＵＬＬ�。樱牛�”（全套），例⑸表示的是“ＩＮ�。希危拧。希遥桑牵桑危粒獭。粒危摹。希危拧。茫希校�”（一正一副），例⑹表示的是“ＩＮ�。病。茫希校桑牛�”（兩份正本）（注意：不可誤為兩份副本），這是進(jìn)口商根據(jù)實(shí)際用途所作的規(guī)定。制單時(shí)，對(duì)于例⑶，可提交兩份正本保單，例⑷可提交兩份或三份正本保單（甚至僅有一份正本亦可），但需在保單上注明總的正本保單份數(shù)（必要時(shí)應(yīng)在每份上標(biāo)明其為第幾分之一，如“１／３”等）。
四、有關(guān)免賠率、倉至倉／背書和簽署等其它問題
�、泵赓r率和倉至倉條款必須與信用證要求一致
“免賠率”是指保險(xiǎn)貨物（一般為易碎品，如玻璃和陶器）一旦受損時(shí)，可按雙方約定在一定比例范圍內(nèi)（如３％或５％），免除賠償責(zé)任，以減化工序并降低保險(xiǎn)公司的承保風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。免賠率還可分為絕對(duì)免賠率和相對(duì)免賠率，前者是指貨物受損超過一定比例后全部受損貨物都要賠償，后者是指貨物受損雖超過一定比例，但只賠償給投保人（或受益人）超過比例的那部分，其它可不賠。而“倉至倉”則是指保險(xiǎn)貨物從某一地點(diǎn)（如出口地或起運(yùn)地）的儲(chǔ)存?zhèn)}庫至另一地點(diǎn)（如進(jìn)口地或目的地）的儲(chǔ)存?zhèn)}庫的整個(gè)運(yùn)輸過程中保險(xiǎn)公司需承擔(dān)的保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任，即保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任的地點(diǎn)范圍通常是“自賣方倉庫至買方倉庫”。實(shí)務(wù)中，常見的涉及免賠率和倉至倉問題的有如下Ｌ／Ｃ條款：
例⑴：INSURANCE POLICY/ CERTIFICATE ENDORSED IN BLANK FOR 10% ABOVE FULL INVOICE VALUE WITH CLAIMS PAYABLE AT PENANG IN THE CURRENCY OF DRAFT(S) IRRESPECTIVE OF PERCENTAGE COVERING ALL RISKS AS PER CHINA INSURANCE CLAUSES (CIC) DATED 1-1-1981.
例⑵：INSURANCE POLICY OR CERTIFICATE IN NEGOTIABLE FORM ISSUED TO OUR ORDER, SHOWING CLAIMS PAYABLE AT DISTINATION FOR THE FULL INVOICE PLUS 10% COVERING THE FOLLOWING RISKS: MARINE, WAR, MINES, STRIKES, RIOTS AND CIVIL COMMOTIONS AND ALL RISKS, WITH EXTENDED COVER FROM WAREHOUSE TO WAREHOUSE. IRRESPECTIVE OF PERCENTAGE.
例⑶：INSURANCE POLICY/ CERTIFICATE ISSUED TO OUR ORDER OR TO ORDER AND ENDORSED TO OUR ORDER, CLAUSED "CLAIMS PAYABLE IN CYPRUS", FOR THE INVOICE VALUE PLUS 10% IRRESPECTIVE OF PERCENTAGE COVERING THE GOODS FROM WAREHOUSE TO APPLICANT'S WAREHOUSE IN LIMASSOL AGAINST: INSTITUTE CARGO CLAUSES "A" 1/1/82, INSTITUTE WAR CLAUSES 1/1/82 AND INSTITUTE STRIKES CLAUSES 1/1/82 COVERING ALSO TRANSHIPMENT RISKS.
例⑷：INSURANCE POLICY OR CERTIFICATE, TO ORDER AND BLANK ENDORSED, FOR THE INVOICE VALUE COVERING ALL RISKS ICC: FROM SELLER'S WAREHOUSE TO BUYER'S WAREHOUSE.
例⑸：INSURANCE POLICY OR CERTIFICATE IN ORIGINAL AND COPIES INCLUDING 60 DAYS IN FINAL CUSTOMHOUSE COVERING ALL RISK OCEAN, THEFT, FIRE, STRIKE, WAR, PARTIAL OR TOTAL LOSS FROM WAREHOUSE OF SELLER TO WAREHOUSE OF BUYER IN SANTIAGO ISSUED TO OUR ORDER OR ENDORSED TO US FOR CIF VALUE PLUS 10 PER CENT SHOWING AMOUNT OF INSURANCE PREMIUM PAID IN THE SAME CURRENCY OF THIS LETTER OF CREDIT.
例⑹：INSURANCE POLICY OR ENDORSED BY BENEFICIARIES IN BLANK TO OUR ORDER, COVERING THE GOODS FOR INVOICE VALUE PLUS 10 PERCENT AGAINST FOLLOWING RISKS: ALL RISKS-MARINE-W.P.A./ F.P.A. INCLUDED WAR, S.R.C.C. SHORTAGE, BREAKAGE, FIRE, FOR 60 DAYS IN CUSTOMS WAREHOUSE AT FINAL DESTINATION AND FROM WAREHOUSE TO WAREHOUSE, STIPULATING ALL CLAIMS PAYABLE IN BEIRUT.
在例⑴至例⑶中，均有不計(jì)免賠率“ＩＲＲＥＳＰＥＣＴＩＶＥ ＯＦ�。校牛遥茫牛危裕粒牵�”一詞，這意味著無論貨物損壞多少都必須全部賠償，這是進(jìn)口商為確保貨物一旦受損能夠獲得完全賠償而作的規(guī)定。制單時(shí)，對(duì)于出現(xiàn)這些字句的條款，如例⑴、例⑵和例⑶，都應(yīng)在保單的承保條件一欄所顯示的承保險(xiǎn)別下打上或蓋上“不計(jì)免賠率”這些字樣，不可遺漏。而在例⑵至例⑹中，都帶有“倉至倉”條款（ＷＡＲＥＨＯＵＳＥ�。裕稀。祝粒遥牛龋希眨樱牛�，所不同的只是表述差異而已，如例⑵的是“ＷＡＲＥＨＯＵＳＥ�。裕稀。祝粒遥牛龋希眨樱�”，例⑶的是“ＷＡＲＥＨＯＵＳＥ ＴＯ�。粒校校蹋桑茫粒危�’Ｓ�。祝粒遥牛龋希眨樱�”，例⑷是“ＳＥＬＬＥＲ’Ｓ ＷＡＲＥＨＯＵＳＥＴＯ�。拢眨伲牛�’Ｓ ＷＡＲＥＨＯＵＳＥ”，例⑸是“ＷＡＲＥＨＯＵＳＥ ＯＦ�。樱牛蹋蹋牛遥裕稀。祝粒遥牛龋希眨樱拧。希啤。拢眨伲牛�”，例⑹和例⑵一樣也是“ＷＡＲＥＨＯＵＳＥ�。裕希祝粒遥牛龋希眨樱�”，但在其前面有這樣一句“ＦＯＲ�。叮啊。模粒伲印。桑巍。茫眨樱裕希停印。祝粒遥牛龋希眨樱拧。粒浴。疲桑危粒獭。模牛樱裕桑危粒裕桑希�”（在最后目的地的海關(guān)倉庫６０天），這是進(jìn)口商出于對(duì)貨物保險(xiǎn)安全期的考慮而作的規(guī)定。制單時(shí)，對(duì)于例⑵至例⑸，可根據(jù)給出的條款在保單的承保條件欄目下打上相應(yīng)的字句，對(duì)于例⑹，除了打上有關(guān)“倉至倉”條款外，還要加注如上的貨物保險(xiǎn)期限條款，方達(dá)到要求。
�、脖硶秃炇鸬绕渌鼉�(nèi)容需符合來證規(guī)定
背書是指在保單背面由投保人（或受益人）進(jìn)行簽署（包括打上公司名稱和由有權(quán)人簽名），以便將保險(xiǎn)權(quán)益合法地轉(zhuǎn)讓給第三方的行為，故其重要性不言而喻。保單的背書通�？煞譃�“空白背書”和記名背書”兩種。保單作成空白背書意味著被保險(xiǎn)人或任何保單持有人在保險(xiǎn)貨物出險(xiǎn)后有權(quán)向保險(xiǎn)公司或其代理人索賠。記名背書則大多以開證銀行作為被背書人。在出口業(yè)務(wù)中，背書大多由出口公司業(yè)務(wù)主管辦理。而簽署則是指保險(xiǎn)公司（或承保人）根據(jù)保險(xiǎn)合同確認(rèn)承擔(dān)保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任后，在制妥的保單上（一般為右下角）通過簽字或蓋章（包括顯示保險(xiǎn)公司名稱和負(fù)責(zé)人簽名）證實(shí)�！叮眨茫校担埃啊返冢常礂lＡ項(xiàng)規(guī)定：“保險(xiǎn)單據(jù)從其表面上看，必須是由保險(xiǎn)公司或承保人或他們的代理人開立及簽署的”。此外，某些信用證還可能出現(xiàn)一些對(duì)保單有特殊要求內(nèi)容的條款，亦應(yīng)予以重視。實(shí)務(wù)中，常見的有關(guān)背書和簽署等內(nèi)容的有如下Ｌ／Ｃ條款：
例⑴：NEGOTIABLE INSURANCE POLICY OR CERTIFICATE BLANK ENDORSED FOR 110% OF INVOICE VALUE COVERING INSTITUTE CARGO CLAUSE (A) INSTITUTE STRIKES CLAUSE CARGO AND INSTITUTE WAR CLAUSES CARGO, TPND, SRCC AND ALL RISKS AS PER CIC RULES UPTO FINAL DESTINATION IN NEPAL FOR EACH L/C.
例⑵：POLICY OR CERTIFICATE OF INSURANCE IN DUPLICATE, ENDORSED TO THE ORDER AND BENEFIT OF DAO HENG BANK LTD. ISSUED IN THE CURRENCY OF THE CREDIT, WITH CLAIMS PAYABLE AT DESTINATION IN THE CURRENCY OF THE CREDIT, FOR THE CIF VALUE OF THE SHIPMENT PLUS 10 PERCENT COVERING MARINE RISKS AS PER INSTITUTE CARGO CLAUSE (ALL RISK) WITH EXTENDED COVER INCLUDING WAREHOUSE TO WAREHOUSE INSTITUTE WAR CLAUSE AND INSTITUTE S.R.C.C. CLAUSE.
例⑶：INSURANCE POLICY OR CERTIFICATE (IN DUPLICATE) ISSUED TO OUR ORDER OR ENDORSED BY BENEFICIARIES IN BLANK TO OUR ORDER, COVERING THE GOODS FOR INVOICE VALUE PLUS 10 PERCENT COVERING ALL RISKS AS PER CHINESE INSURANCE CLAUSE 1/1/81.
例⑷：INSURANCE CERTIFICATE/ POLICY TO COVER 110% OF THE INVOICE VALUE OF THE GOODS, ALL RISKS INCLUDING MARINE & WAR RISKS, STRICKES RIOTS AND CIVIL COMMOTION AS PICC DATED 1.1.81.
例⑸：INSURANCE POLICY/ CERTIFICATE OF THE PEOPLE'S INSURANCE COMPANY OF CHINA COVERING OCEAN MARINE CARGO CLAUSES, ALL RISKS 1/1/81, AND OCEAN MARINE CARGO WAR RISKS CLAUSES 1/1/81 FOR FULL INVOICE VALUE PLUS 10 PERCENT OR OVERLAND TRANSPORTATION RISK.
例⑹：INSURANCE POLICY OR CERTIFICATE IN NEGOTIABLE FORM EVIDENCING "PREMIUM PAID" PLUS 10% CIF VALUE.
例⑺：IN CASE OF CONTAINERIZED SHIPMENT, INSURANCE POLICY OR CERTIFICATE MUST STATE THAT THE RISKS OF JETTISON AND/ OR WASHING OVERBOARD HAVE BEEN INCLUDED.
例⑻：IF GOODS ARE SUBJECT TO TRANSHIPMENT, INSURANCE POLICY OR CERTIFICATE MUST STATE THAT THE RISKS OF LOSS AND/ OR DAMAGE DUE TO TRANSHIPMENT HAVE BEEN INCLUDED.
在例⑴至例⑶中，均出現(xiàn)“ＥＮＤＯＲＳＥＤ”（背書）一詞，所不同的是，例⑴要求的是空白背書，例⑵要求的是背書給某指定銀行抬頭和受益，例⑶則要求由受益人空白背書給開證行抬頭，這是進(jìn)口商和開證行為便于轉(zhuǎn)讓保險(xiǎn)權(quán)益而作的規(guī)定。制單時(shí)，對(duì)于例⑴，由出口公司在保單后面直接背書即可；對(duì)于例⑵，除了由出口公司背書外，還需加注這樣一句話：“ＤＥＬＩＶＥＲＹ�。裕稀。裕龋拧。希遥模牛摇。粒危摹。拢牛危牛疲桑浴。希啤。模粒稀。龋牛危恰。拢粒危恕。蹋裕模�”（交給道享銀行抬頭和受益”；例⑶可有兩種選擇，一是在保單的被保險(xiǎn)人一欄打上“憑開證行指示”，可不作背書，二是由受益人（出口公司）在保單背面背書，并加注“憑開證行指示”（注：條款中的“ＯＵＲ”一詞代表開證行）。而在例⑷至例⑸中，暗示著由中國(guó)人民保險(xiǎn)公司作為承保人并投保其相關(guān)保險(xiǎn)條款，這是目前大多數(shù)出口公司的貿(mào)易習(xí)慣。隨著其它保險(xiǎn)公司（如平安保險(xiǎn)公司和太平洋保險(xiǎn)公司）的加盟以及中國(guó)入關(guān)后外資保險(xiǎn)公司的介入，投保人將會(huì)有更多的選擇。制單時(shí)，對(duì)于這兩例，可由中國(guó)人民保險(xiǎn)公司或其代理在保單右下角正式簽署（包括簽名和蓋章），最好采用手簽，以示鄭重。假如指定其它保險(xiǎn)公司承保，則相應(yīng)地要由該保險(xiǎn)公司簽署。
在例⑹至例⑻中，是一些頗為特殊的條款，如例⑹要求證實(shí)“ＰＲＥＭＩＵＭ ＰＡＩＤ”（保費(fèi)已付），但卻無顯示投保險(xiǎn)別；例⑺要求一旦使用集裝箱運(yùn)輸時(shí)，必須加保丟棄險(xiǎn)和水漬險(xiǎn)；例⑻則要求假如貨物轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)時(shí)，保單必須聲明已投保因轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)可能發(fā)生的短少險(xiǎn)和損壞險(xiǎn)，這是進(jìn)口商根據(jù)貿(mào)易習(xí)慣和貨物安全需要而作的規(guī)定。制單時(shí)，對(duì)于例⑹，可在保單上注明“ＰＲＥＭＩＵＭ ＰＡＩＤ”（保費(fèi)已付），并按雙方事先約定或習(xí)慣投保一切險(xiǎn)（或綜合險(xiǎn)）；對(duì)于例⑺，若提單或保單上顯示有集裝箱裝運(yùn)，則需在保單上加注上述聲明條款（如“ＷＥ�。龋牛遥牛拢佟。樱裕粒裕拧。裕龋粒浴。裕龋牛遥桑樱耍印。希啤。剩牛裕裕桑樱桑希巍。粒危模。希摇。祝粒樱龋桑危恰。希郑牛遥拢希粒遥摹。龋粒郑拧。拢牛牛巍。桑危茫蹋眨模牛�”）；同理，對(duì)于例⑻，若貨物轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)，亦需在保單上加注有關(guān)證明條款。如此等等，旨在確保保單上的一切內(nèi)容完全符合信用證要求。