“名詞+or+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中or后的名詞是同位語,應(yīng)譯為“即……;或者稱……”
例1:Moreover, technology includes techniques, or ways to do things, as well as the machines that may or may not be necessary to apply them.
譯文:再者,除機器外技術(shù)還包括技藝,即制作方法,而動用這些技藝并不一定都需要機器。
“only + to do”意為“……,結(jié)果卻……”,即表示與句子謂語動作的目的相反的結(jié)果。
例1: They don‘t have to pay for expensive seats at the theatre, the cinema or the opera, onlyto discover, perhaps, that the show is disappointing.
譯文:他們不必花錢去戲院、電影院或歌劇院買價格很貴的票,(如果去了,)結(jié)果卻可能發(fā)現(xiàn),所演的節(jié)目令人失望。
例2: They hurried there only to find the meeting canceled.
譯文:他們匆匆忙忙趕到那兒,結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)會議被取消了。
not more / -er than 與 no more / -er than 結(jié)構(gòu)
比較:
John is not better than Tom.
John is no better than Tom.
前一句表示“約翰不比湯姆好”,屬于普通的比較結(jié)構(gòu);后一例用了no 情況就不同了。no better than 相當(dāng)于as bad as,含義是兩人一樣壞。這里,“no + 形容詞或副詞比較級 + than”所表示的可以說是該形容詞或副詞的反意。
例如: no richer than = as poor as 和……一樣窮
no bigger than = as small as 和……一樣小
no later than = as early as 和……一樣早
同樣地:
I have not taken more than six courses this semester.
I have taken no more than six courses this semester.
前一句的含義是本學(xué)期選的課不多于六門;后一句的含義是只選了六門。強調(diào)“少”。
上述結(jié)構(gòu)與表示前后都否定的no more.。.than (= not.。.any more than)又有所不同:
例:A whale is no more a fish than a horse is.(鯨和馬同樣不是魚。)
另外,在某些結(jié)構(gòu)中,單獨使用more than 也能表示否定概念:
例1:That is more than I can tell. 我簡直不能說。
例2:My trip to Beijing is more than sightseeing. 我去北京不僅僅是旅游觀光而已。
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