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2009年考研英語三層遞進(jìn)攻克閱讀理解(五)

來源: 時(shí)間:2009-05-20 11:03:38

    Text 5

    When I decided to quit my fulltime employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming “I wanted to spend more time with my family”.

    Curiously, some twoandahalf years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term “downshifting”has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all”, preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the page of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.

    I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her muchpublicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life”, and making the alternative move into “downshifting”brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed: 12hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on “quality time”.

    In America, the move away from juggling to a simpler, less materialistic lifestyle is a wellestablished trend. Downshifting—also known in America as “voluntary simplicity”—has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anticonsumerism. There are a number of bestselling downshifting selfhelp books for people who want to simplify their lives; there are newsletters, such as The Tightwad Gazette, that give hundreds of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their clingfilm to making their own soap; there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid’90s equivalent of dropping out.

    While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economy decline—after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late’80s—and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middleclass downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.

    For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the’80s,downshifting in the mid’90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life—growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one—as a personal recognition of your limitations.

    67.Which of the following is true according to paragraph 1?

    [A]Fulltime employment is a new international trend.

    [B]The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job.

    [C]“A lateral move”means stepping out of fulltime employment.

    [D]The writer was only too eager to spend more time with her family.

    68.The writer’s experiment shows that downshifting.

    [A]enables her to realize her dream

    [B]helps her mold a new philosophy of life

    [C]prompts her to abandon her high social status

    [D]leads her to accept the doctrine of She magazine

    69. “Juggling one’s life” probably means living a life characterized by .

    [A]nonmaterialistic lifestyle[B]a bit of everything

    [C]extreme stress[D]anticonsumerism

    70.According to the passage, downshifting emerged in the U.S. as a result of .

    [A]the quick pace of modern life[B]man’s adventurous spirit

    [C]man’s search for mythical experiences[D]the economic situation

    核心詞匯:

    absolute[5AbsElu:t]a.絕對的,完全的;確實(shí)的,肯定的(ab不+solute→決不松開→絕對的)

    acquaintance[E5kweintEns]n.認(rèn)識,相識,了解;相識的人,熟人(acquaint告知+ance名詞后綴→熟悉)

    adventurous[Ed5ventFErEs]a.喜冒險(xiǎn)的;充滿危險(xiǎn)的(adventur(e)冒險(xiǎn)+ous形容詞后綴)

    alternative[C:l5tE:nEtiv]n.兩者擇一,抉擇(alternate交替+ive形容詞后綴→二者擇一的)

    block[blCk]n.大塊木(石)料;街區(qū);障礙物v.阻塞,攔阻

    cling[kliN]v.(to)粘住;依附;堅(jiān)持

    compel[kEm5pel]v.強(qiáng)迫,迫使(com共同+pel推→一起推→強(qiáng)迫)

    curious[5kjuEriEs]a.好奇的, 求知的, 古怪的, 愛挑剔的(cur+ious形容詞后綴→關(guān)心的,好奇的);curiously (ad.好奇地;奇怪地)←curious+ly

    deadline[5dedlain]n.比較后期限(dead+line)

    doctrine[5dCktrin]n.教條,教義;法律原則;聲明(doctr教+in+e名詞后綴→教的東西→教條)

    equivalent[i5kwivElEnt]a.相等的,等價(jià)的n.相等物,等價(jià)物(equi+val力量+ent→力量平等→相等的)

    juggle[5dVQgl]vi.玩戲法, 誆騙, 篡改vt.耍弄, 歪曲, 篡改n.玩戲法, 魔術(shù), 欺騙 “拿撲克牌玩雜耍(juggle),引得大家咯咯(guggle)笑”,文中juggle引申為“忙忙碌碌”

    lateral[5lAtErEl]a.旁邊的,側(cè)面的(later+al)later即單詞“后來”,al詞后綴,“后來者只能靠邊站”→旁邊的

    minister[5ministE]n.部長,大臣(mini+ster→小人→古代大臣稱自己是小人→部長,大臣)

    passionate [5pAFEnEt]a.充滿熱情的,即passion+ate,passion(激情;暴怒),ate此作形容詞后綴

    preach[pri:tF]v.宣講(教義),布道;竭力鼓吹,宣傳;說教

    prompt[prCmpt]a.敏捷的,迅速的,即刻的v.激起,促進(jìn),推動(dòng)

    recognition[rekEg5niFEn]n.認(rèn)出,辨認(rèn);承認(rèn)(recogn+ition名詞后綴)

    redundancy[ri5dQndEnsi]n.冗余(red+und+ancy),red(=re),und詞根“多”,ancy名詞后綴,“越來越(re)多”→冗余。同根詞:abundant(豐富的)←ab加強(qiáng)前綴+und多+ant形容詞后綴

    resignation[rezig5neiFEn]n.辭職;聽天由命(resign+ation名詞后綴);resign(v.辭職;順從)←re+sign,re前綴=away或=again,sign簽署,故“簽署后離開”→辭職,“再次簽署”→順從

    simplify[5simplifai]v.簡化,使單純

    strain[5strein]v.拉緊;緊張;扭傷;竭盡全力n.拉緊;負(fù)擔(dān)

    thrift[Wrift]a.節(jié)約,節(jié)儉;繁榮.可記:“節(jié)儉”導(dǎo)致“繁榮”;thrifty(節(jié)儉的;繁榮的)←thrift+y形容詞后綴。thrift→thrive(v.繁榮),類似變化的單詞有theft(n.偷)→thieve(v.偷)

    難句分析:

    難句1 Alateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress promoted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming “I wanted to spend more time with my family”.

    [分析]此句主干是“a lateral move promoted me to...”。其中that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress是a lateral move的定語,although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming “I wanted to spend more time with my family”是狀語,其中逗號之間的in the manner of a disgraced government minister是插入語。

    [譯文]一次平級的人事調(diào)動(dòng)傷了我的自尊心,并阻斷了我的事業(yè)發(fā)展,這促使我放棄自己地位較高的職業(yè),盡管就像面子掃盡的政府部長那樣,我也掩飾說“我只想與家人更多的呆在一起”。

    難句2 Curiously, some twoandahalf years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term “downshifting”has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality.

    [分析]此句主干是“... my experiment... has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality”。注意其謂語是一個(gè)turn sth. into sth.的結(jié)構(gòu)。前面兩個(gè)逗號之間的是時(shí)間狀語。

    [譯文]奇怪的是,大約兩年半的時(shí)間我寫完兩部小說后,我這個(gè)被美國人稱為“放慢生活節(jié)奏”的試驗(yàn),卻使我老掉牙的借口變成了現(xiàn)實(shí)。

    難句3 I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her muchpublicized resignation from the editorship of She after a buildup of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life”, and making the alternative move into “downshifting”brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.

    [分析]此句中I have discovered是主句的主謂結(jié)構(gòu),that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life”, and making the alternative move into “downshifting”brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status是主句的賓語,其中abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life”, and making the alternative move into “downshifting”為該賓語從句的主語,brings為謂語。as perhaps Kelsey will after her muchpublicized resignation from the editorship of She after a buildup of stress既是伴隨狀語,又是插入語,其主語為Kelsey,謂語為will,而after her muchpublicized resignation from the editorship of She after a buildup of stress是本插入語中的時(shí)間狀語。

    [譯文]我已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)(由于壓力過大,凱茜已公開宣稱辭去《她》雜志編輯的職務(wù),在這之后她也許會有同樣發(fā)現(xiàn)),放棄“忙忙碌碌”的生活哲學(xué),轉(zhuǎn)而過一種“放慢生活節(jié)奏”的生活所帶來的回報(bào),比經(jīng)濟(jì)成功和社會地位更有價(jià)值。

    難句4 Downshifting—also known in America as “voluntary simplicity”—has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anticonsumerism.

    [分析]此句主干是“Downshifting has bred a new area...”,破折號之間的是插入結(jié)構(gòu),ironically也是插入語,可放在句首,what相當(dāng)于thought which。

    [譯文]具有諷刺意味的是,“放慢生活節(jié)奏”——在美國也稱“甘愿簡樸”——甚至孕育了一個(gè)嶄新的、可稱之為反消費(fèi)主義的生活方式。

    難句5 For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the ’80s, downshifting in the mid’90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life—growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one—as a personal recognition of your limitations.

    [分析]此句主干是“... downshifting in the mid’90s is not...”。其中who were urged to keep juggling through the ’80s是修飾the women of my generation的定語從句。growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one既是插入語,又是the mythical good life的同位語。本句中not so much A(a search for the mythical good life)as B(a personal recognition of your limitations)的句式含義,即“與其說是A,不如說是B”。

    [譯文]對我們這一代女性來說,整個(gè)80年代我們曾被迫忙碌地生活,90年代中期的簡化生活與其說是尋找那種自己種有機(jī)蔬菜并試圖與之合一的神話般美好生活,還不如說是對我們自身局限性的認(rèn)識。

    文章類型:人文科學(xué)——生活態(tài)變的轉(zhuǎn)變

    本文的主題是慢節(jié)奏(downshifting)的生活方式。作者以第一人稱的口吻敘述了自身生活方式轉(zhuǎn)變的過程,談及慢節(jié)奏的生活方式在美國的發(fā)展情況,并剖析了這種現(xiàn)象背后的原因。

    試題解析:

    67. 根據(jù)第一段,下面哪項(xiàng)說法正確?

    [A] 全職工作是一種新的國際潮流。

    [B] 作者因環(huán)境所迫而辭去工作。

    [C] “一次平級調(diào)動(dòng)”意味著退出專職工作。

    [D] 作者只是太想多花時(shí)間與其家人在一起了。

    判斷題【正確答案】 [B]

    作者在第一段中說明她放棄工作時(shí),根本沒想到自己會成為一種新興時(shí)尚的一分子,她辭職是因?yàn)橐淮纹郊壍娜耸抡{(diào)動(dòng)傷害了她的自尊心,妨礙了她的事業(yè)發(fā)展?梢姡髡叩霓o職是出于環(huán)境所迫,所以[B]項(xiàng)是正確答案。

    68. 作者的實(shí)踐表明:降低節(jié)奏。

    [A] 使她能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)自己的夢想

    [B] 幫助她形成了一種新的人生觀

    [C] 促使她放棄了自己很高的社會地位

    [D] 使她接受了《她》雜志所倡導(dǎo)的生活哲學(xué)

    細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題【正確答案】 [B]

    第二段中作者提到自己已經(jīng)是一個(gè)由信奉“擁有一切”生活哲學(xué)的人轉(zhuǎn)變或一個(gè)知足常樂的人,對于作者而言,“慢節(jié)奏”的生活方式是一種新的生活哲學(xué)。因此選擇[B]項(xiàng)。

    69. “Juggling one’s life”可能指的是過一種具有特性的生活。

    [A] 不追求物質(zhì)利益的生活方式[B] 很容易滿足

    [C] 極度緊張[D] 反消費(fèi)主義

    詞匯題【正確答案】 [C]

    在第三段第一句,juggling one’s life與downshifting恰好是相對立的兩種生活方式,說明她從a buildup of stress取得的financial success and social status遠(yuǎn)不及downshifting給她帶來的回報(bào)多,因此選擇[C]項(xiàng)。

    70. 根據(jù)本文的觀點(diǎn),美國出現(xiàn)放慢生活節(jié)奏的原因是。

    [A] 現(xiàn)代生活的快節(jié)奏[B] 人們的冒險(xiǎn)精神

    [C] 人們對神話般生活體驗(yàn)的追求[D] 經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢

    細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題【正確答案】 [D]

    第五段第一句話指出,在美國,產(chǎn)生這種慢節(jié)奏生活方式是源于20世紀(jì)80年代末期因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)蕭條而進(jìn)行的裁員。當(dāng)時(shí)采取這種措施是為了應(yīng)對這種經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退。因此選擇[D]項(xiàng)。

    全文翻譯:

    當(dāng)我決定辭去自己的全日制工作時(shí)絕沒有想到,自己竟成了一種新的國際性潮流的一分子。一次平級的人事調(diào)動(dòng)傷了我的自尊心,并阻斷了我的事業(yè)發(fā)展,這促使我放棄自己地位較高的職業(yè),盡管就像面子掃盡的政府部長那樣,我也掩飾說“我只想與家人更多的呆在一起”。

    奇怪的是,大約兩年半的時(shí)間我寫完兩部小說后,我這個(gè)被美國人稱為“放慢生活節(jié)奏”的試驗(yàn),卻使我老掉牙的借口變成了現(xiàn)實(shí)。我已從一個(gè)“擁有一切”哲學(xué)(琳達(dá)·凱茜過去七年中在《她》這本雜志所宣揚(yáng)的)的狂熱支持者,變成了一個(gè)知足常樂的女人。

    我已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)(由于壓力過大,凱茜已公開宣稱辭去《她》雜志編輯的職務(wù),在這之后她也許會有同樣發(fā)現(xiàn)),放棄“忙忙碌碌”的生活哲學(xué),轉(zhuǎn)而過一種“放慢生活節(jié)奏”的生活所帶來的回報(bào),比經(jīng)濟(jì)成功和社會地位更有價(jià)值。什么也說服不了我回到過去那種凱茜所宣揚(yáng)的、我也曾自得其樂的生活中去:每天12小時(shí)的工作日,壓得人喘不過氣來的比較后期限,可怕而緊張的辦公室的爾虞我詐,在“比較佳時(shí)期”為人父母的限制。

    第一至第三段:作者介紹了自己從忙碌生活過渡到悠閑生活的緣由,及經(jīng)過。

    在美國,擺脫忙碌,轉(zhuǎn)而過一種簡單、更遠(yuǎn)離物質(zhì)化的生活已成明確趨勢。具有諷刺意味的是,“放慢生活節(jié)奏”——在美國也稱“甘愿簡樸”——甚至孕育了一個(gè)嶄新的、可稱之為反消費(fèi)主義的生活方式。對于那些想簡單生活的人來說,有許多很暢銷的幫你輕松生活的自助書籍;有各種簡訊,例如省錢簡報(bào),會給美國人提供成千上萬條有用的點(diǎn)子去做事,從保鮮膜的再利用到自制肥皂;甚至還有一些支援性團(tuán)體,幫人按90年代中期脫離傳統(tǒng)社會的人的生活方式去生活。

    第四段:通過舉例論證,簡單悠閑生活已經(jīng)在美國成為一種趨勢。

    在美國,這種趨勢一開始是對經(jīng)濟(jì)衰落所做出的一種反應(yīng)——出現(xiàn)于20世紀(jì)80年代后期,企業(yè)縮小經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模所引起的大規(guī)模裁員——也與節(jié)儉的觀點(diǎn)密切相連;在英國,至少在我所熟悉的中產(chǎn)階級慢節(jié)奏生活的人中,我們對于為什么尋求簡樸的生活有不同的原因。

    第五段:作者指出贊成這種趨勢的原因。

    對我們這一代女性來說,整個(gè)80年代我們曾被迫忙碌地生活,90年代中期的簡化生活與其說是尋找那種自己種有機(jī)蔬菜并試圖與之合一的神話般美好生活,還不如說是對我們自身局限性的認(rèn)識。

    第六段:指明作者追求閑適生活的真正原因。

結(jié)束

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