51. Nevertheless, researchers of the Pleistocene epoch have developed all sorts of more or less fanciful model schemes of how they would have arranged the Ice Age had they been in charge of events.
  然而，研究更新世的研究者發(fā)展除了各種各樣的或多或少有些奇怪思想的模型系統(tǒng)，用來顯示如果由他們來決定地質(zhì)事件的話他們將會(huì)如何安排冰川紀(jì)。
  52. This succession was based primarily on a series of deposits　and events not directly related to　　glacial and interglacial periods, rather　than on the more usual modern method of studying biological remains found in interglacial beds themselves interstratified within glacial deposits.
  這一序列演替（succession）所依據(jù)的，主要是一系列與冰川期和間冰期并不直接相關(guān)的地質(zhì)沉積物和地質(zhì)事件，而不是依據(jù)更為普遍的現(xiàn)代方法，去研究間冰層（interglacial bed）中所發(fā)現(xiàn)的生物殘留物，而這些間冰層本身又在冰川沉積物發(fā)生間層化（interstatified）。
  53．There have been attempts to explain these taboos in terms of inappropriate social　　relationships either between those who are involved and those who are　not simultaneously involved in the satisfaction of a bodily need, or　between those already satiated and　those who appear to be shamelessly gorging.
  人們?cè)噲D對(duì)這些禁忌作出解釋，所依據(jù)的要幺是那些正置身于某一身體需要滿足的人與那些并置身于某一身體需要之滿足的人之間的，要幺是那些早已酒足飯飽的人與那些正在不知羞恥地狼吞虎咽失之間的不相稱的社會(huì)關(guān)系。
  54．Granted that the presence　of these elements need not argue an　authorial awareness of novelistic　construction comparable to that of Henry James， their presence does encourage attempts to unify the novel’s　heterogeneous parts.
  誠(chéng)然，這些因素的存在并不能證明作者對(duì)小說架構(gòu)的意識(shí)可與亨利。詹姆斯（Henry James）的那種意識(shí)相比擬；然則，任何力圖將小說所有形形色色的因素統(tǒng)一起來的做法，在某種程度上注定是無法令人信服的。 Granted that:大家都統(tǒng)一、當(dāng)然，表讓步，=admitted , of course.
  55．It is not known how rare this resemblance is, or whether it is most often seen in　inclusions of silicates such as garnet, whose crystallography is generally somewhat similar to that of diamond；　　but when present, the resemblance is regarded as compelling evidence that the diamonds and inclusions are truly cogenetic.
  現(xiàn)在尚不知這種類似稀少到何種地步，也不知道是否它比較常見于象石榴石一類的硅酸鹽內(nèi)含物中，而這類物質(zhì)的晶體結(jié)構(gòu)普遍地在某種程度上類似于金剛石的晶體結(jié)構(gòu)。但一旦存在，這種類似就被視作極有說服力的證據(jù)，證明金剛石與內(nèi)含物確是同源的。
  56．Even the "radical" critiques　of this mainstream research model, such as the critique developed in Divided Society, attach the issue of ethnic assimilation too mechanically to factors of economic and social　mobility and are thus unable to illuminate the cultural subordination　of Puerto Ricans as a colonial minority.
  即使是對(duì)這一主流研究模型的“激進(jìn)”批評(píng)，諸如《分裂的社會(huì)》（Divided Society）一書中所提出的那種批判，亦將少數(shù)民族同化問題過分機(jī)械地與經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)移動(dòng)性的因素聯(lián)系起來，因此無從闡明波多黎各人作為一個(gè)殖民地少數(shù)民族的文化從屬關(guān)系。
  57．I can think of a good few medical students who would willingly “work their way through colleges” by filling in as nurses at our understaffed hospitals.
  我可以想象不少讀醫(yī)的學(xué)生是愿意來我們?nèi)耸植蛔愕尼t(yī)院臨時(shí)充當(dāng)護(hù)士，以此來掙錢讀完大學(xué)的。分析：fill in用做及物動(dòng)詞詞組，和a blank/a check./a form等搭配時(shí)，是做“填寫”、“填入”解釋的，但是如果用作不及物動(dòng)詞詞組時(shí)，和for sb. as sb.搭配，就是做“暫時(shí)代替”來解釋。
  58．(An intelligence test does not measure character, social adjustment, physical endurance, manual skills, or artistic abilities.) To criticize it for such failure is roughly comparable to criticizing a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity.
  批評(píng)智力的測(cè)試不反映上述情況，就好比批評(píng)溫度計(jì)不能測(cè)出風(fēng)速一樣。
分析：很多情況下，failure這個(gè)詞是做“失敗”解釋的，但是，當(dāng)failure后面接動(dòng)詞不定式，形成failure to do sth.的結(jié)構(gòu)的時(shí)候，這個(gè)failure就應(yīng)當(dāng)解釋為“未能”、“沒有”。
  59．It seems to me that the time is ripe for the Department of Employment and the Department of Education to get together with the universities and produce a revised educational system which will make a more economic use of the wealth of talent, application and industry currently being wasted on certificates, diplomas and degrees that no one wants to know about.
  我認(rèn)為時(shí)機(jī)已成熟。就業(yè)部門和教育部門應(yīng)同大學(xué)攜起手來，修正我們的教育制度，使之能比較合理地使用學(xué)生的才能、勤奮和刻苦。而現(xiàn)在他們這些才能和努力都浪費(fèi)在無人感興趣的證書、文憑和學(xué)位上。
分析：雖然application常做“申請(qǐng)”解釋，但是由上下文來看，這里顯然不是這個(gè)意思，而是另一個(gè)意思：勤奮刻苦。同樣，industry也有這個(gè)問題，它多做“工業(yè)”解釋，但根據(jù)上下文應(yīng)當(dāng)是“勤勞”的意思。此外，這里的economic也是誤譯，只是看它和economy有些像，就想當(dāng)然地譯成“經(jīng)濟(jì)”，這是不對(duì)的，應(yīng)當(dāng)是看它在文章里的具體環(huán)境，采用“節(jié)約的”、“合理的”這個(gè)譯法。
  60．(There is a definite link between smoking and heart disease and lung cancer.) But this doesn’t make you too uncomfortable because you are in good company.
  但這并不能使人們感到太多不舒服，因?yàn)楹湍阋粯映闊煹娜撕芏唷?br />  分析：company作可數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)的意義是不同的。作可數(shù)名詞時(shí)是“公司”，而作不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)是“伙伴”、“伴侶”的意思，要格外小心。
  61．He stepped right in after them, like it or not, and he was determined that nothing as petty as good manners should keep him from a chance of enlightenment.
  他不管人家歡迎不歡迎，緊跟著他們走了進(jìn)去。什幺禮貌不禮貌，他顧不得這一套。他決心不錯(cuò)過這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，把心里的問題弄明白。
  分析：enlightenment在詞典中的意思確實(shí)是“啟蒙”、“啟發(fā)”，但是在這里如果原封不動(dòng)地照搬，不僅生硬，且不符合原文意思，這里就需要我們把它的引申意義找出來，即“把問題搞清楚”。
  62．Until the World War brought chaos to most of their institutions, their whole lives were regulated; perhaps more than those of any other people save the Spaniards, by a regard for precedent.
  在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)給他們的大部分風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣帶來變化之前，他們的所有生活，除了西班牙人之外，或許比其它民族都更受到先例的制約。
  分析：save可以用作動(dòng)詞，但是如果作為動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)的話，它的主語又是什幺呢？perhaps more than those of any other people和perhaps   more than thirty people是兩種不同的結(jié)構(gòu)，后者是名詞短語，可以作主語；但是前者只是一個(gè)形容詞短語，不能做主語。其次，如果by a regard for precedent是save的狀語的話，前面也沒有必要用逗號(hào)隔開。實(shí)際上，這個(gè)by a regard for precedent是和were regulated組成 的一個(gè)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：were regulated by…。這樣，save這一部分就不是一個(gè)句子，只是一個(gè)修飾成分。事實(shí)上，save是個(gè)介詞，作“除了”解，相當(dāng)于but，或是except。
  63．It is the two superpowers that should be responsible for the hostilities in the Middle East．
  應(yīng)對(duì)中東戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)（×敵對(duì)狀態(tài)）負(fù)責(zé)的是兩個(gè)超級(jí)大國(guó)。
  有一些名詞，特別是抽象名詞的單數(shù)變成復(fù)數(shù)后，意義是不一樣的�！癶ostility�箚螖�(shù)作“enmity��，“ill will�埂皵骋狻薄皵骋暋苯猓�但“hostilities�箯�(fù)數(shù)作“war�埂皯�(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”解。
  64. ）．．．he let the line slip down，down，down，unrolling off the first of the two reserve coils．……他就松手讓釣絲滑下去，下去，下去，把兩卷備用的（×多余的）釣絲也松開了一卷。
  reserve有“預(yù)備著的”，“多余的”意思，這里應(yīng)是“備用”之意。
  "才"的用法