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高考英語(yǔ)考點(diǎn):時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)歸納與分析

2017-08-05 09:19:48 來(lái)源:精品學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)

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  一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)考點(diǎn)

  現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主要有兩種用法,即持續(xù)性用法(或叫未完成用法)和影響性用法(或叫已完成用法)。持續(xù)性用法表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生于過(guò)去,但在過(guò)去并未完成,而是從過(guò)去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,此時(shí)多半會(huì)連用表示持續(xù)性的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ);后者指的是動(dòng)作發(fā)生于過(guò)去,且在過(guò)去已經(jīng)完成,但這個(gè)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響,而說(shuō)話者正好要強(qiáng)調(diào)的就是這個(gè)影響,此時(shí)一般沒(méi)有明顯的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),主要通過(guò)上下文來(lái)理解。如:

  1. Years ago we didn’t know this, but recent science _________ that people who don’t sleep well soon get ill. (廣東卷)

  A. showed B. has shown C. will show D. is showing

  【分析】答案選 B。由表示對(duì)照的Years ago和recent可知,“以前不知”,但“現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)證明了”,所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

  2. He was hoping to go abroad but his parents _________ that they won’t support him unless he can borrow money from the bank. (湖北卷)

  A. were deciding B. have decided C. decided D. will decide

  【分析】答案選B。因賓語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)是一般將來(lái)時(shí),主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不可能是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),排除選項(xiàng)A和C;由語(yǔ)境判斷,不是“將要決定”,而是“現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)決定”,所以排除D,而選B。

  另外,同學(xué)們還要特別注意以下這些習(xí)慣上要與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的短語(yǔ)和句型:so far(到目前為止),since(自從),in [for, during] the past [last]…years(在過(guò)去…年中),by now (到現(xiàn)在為止),up to [until] now (到現(xiàn)在為止),It's [will be] the first time that…(第一次……)等。如:

  3. My brother is an actor. He _________in several film so far. (浙江卷)

  A. A. appears B. appeared C. has appeared D. is appearing

  【分析】答案選 C。so far(到目前為止)通常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。

  4. The country life he was used to _________ greatly since 1992. (山東卷)

  A. change B. has changed C. changing D. have changed

  【分析】答案選 B。since 1992這類(lèi)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)通常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。主句主語(yǔ)是the country life,句中he was used to是省略了關(guān)系代詞that的定語(yǔ)從句。

  二、過(guò)去完成時(shí)考點(diǎn)

  過(guò)去完成時(shí)是一種相對(duì)時(shí)態(tài),即以某一過(guò)去時(shí)間作參照,過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在這一過(guò)去時(shí)間的更過(guò)去,所以我們可以簡(jiǎn)單地用“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”這五個(gè)字來(lái)理解過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。如:

  1. He _________more than 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15. (北京卷)

  A. has learned B. would have learned C. learned D. had learned

  【分析】答案選 D。因?yàn)樯洗髮W(xué)是過(guò)去,學(xué)了五千個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞是在上大學(xué)之前,即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”,所以用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

  2. When the old man _________ to walk back to his house, the sun _________ itself behind the mountain. (湖北卷)

  A. started; had already hidden B. had started; had already hidden

  C. had started; was hiding D. was starting; hid

  【分析】答案選 A。根據(jù)句意,“開(kāi)始回房子”發(fā)生在過(guò)去,“太陽(yáng)落山”是在“開(kāi)始回房子”之前,故過(guò)去的過(guò)去。

  3. Father _________for London on business upon my arrival, so I didn’t see him. (福建卷)

  A. has left B. left C. was leaving D. had left

  【分析】答案選 D。根據(jù)“我沒(méi)見(jiàn)到他”可知,“在我到達(dá)”前“父親已經(jīng)去倫敦”了,即父親去倫敦發(fā)生在“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”,故用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

  (責(zé)任編輯:郭峰)

  特別說(shuō)明:由于各省份高考政策等信息的不斷調(diào)整與變化,育路高考網(wǎng)所提供的所有考試信息僅供考生及家長(zhǎng)參考,敬請(qǐng)考生及家長(zhǎng)以權(quán)威部門(mén)公布的正式信息為準(zhǔn)。

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