第六講 動(dòng)詞-ing形式與動(dòng)詞-ed形式

　　本單元著重討論動(dòng)詞-ing (即現(xiàn)在分詞)和-ed形式(即過(guò)去分詞)的用法。

　　6.1句法功能

　　1) 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)

　　catch，discover，feel，find，get，have，hear，keep，leave，make，notice，see，watch等動(dòng)詞常用動(dòng)詞-ing或-ed形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。例如：

　　Do you see the dark cloud hovering over the surface of the earth?

　　The shop girl’s good intention left the old man feeling worse than before.

　　I’ll have my hair cut this afternoon.

　　They have never heard English spoken before.

　　2) 作定語(yǔ)

　　a) 單個(gè)動(dòng)詞-ing或-ed形式一般放在被修飾的名詞前。例如：

　　What an exhausting day!

　　The first year students will have an English evening in the coming week.

　　We’ll proceed as soon as we get the added funds.

　　Once I have made a considered decision，I no longer dwell on it.

　　單個(gè)動(dòng)詞-ed形式有時(shí)也要求后置。例如：

　　This is the only food left.

　　The people questioned are two high school students.

　　b) 有些動(dòng)詞-ed形式如concerned，given，involved，used等既能前置也能后置，但意義不同。

　　例如：

　　I noticed a concerned look in his eyes.(關(guān)切的)

　　All parties concerned will be present.(有關(guān)的)

　　We must make a reply within the given period.(指定的)

　　She doesn’t like the blouse given by her aunt.(所給予的)

　　This is an involved sentence.(復(fù)雜的)

　　All people involved have been questioned.(有牽連的)

　　The store sells used books only.(舊的)

　　The textbooks used are all up-to-date.(所采用的)

　　c) 動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)

　　一般放在被修飾詞之后，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞從句。例如：

　　The young man sitting between John and Mary is the editor of the campus newspaper.(=The young man who is sitting between John and Mary…)

　　The factory making trucks is located at the foot of the mountain.(=The factory that makes trucks…)

　　She lost her purse containing 10 pounds.(=… her purse which contained lo pounds.)

　　如果形容詞從句和主句時(shí)態(tài)不一致，則不能用動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語(yǔ)代替形容詞從句。例如：

　　The young man who sat between John and Mary yesterday will come to our party tomorrow.

　　謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是be或含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的形容詞從句也不能用動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語(yǔ)替代。例如：

　　Those who are late are not allowed to come into the classroom.

　　*Those being late are not allowed to come into the classroom.

　　Will you find a workman who can repair the TV?

　　d) 動(dòng)詞-ed形式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)

　　一般放在被修飾詞之后，表示先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，含有被動(dòng)的意思，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。例如：

　　He ate up the cake made by his mother.(=…the cake which had been made by his mother.)

　　An engine run a t maximum speed for a long time may start to overheat.(=An engine that is run at maximum speed…)

　　如果形容詞從句表示正在進(jìn)行或?qū)⒁�發(fā)生的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，則不能用動(dòng)詞-ed形式短語(yǔ)代替作定語(yǔ)，但可以用動(dòng)詞-ing形式的被動(dòng)形式或動(dòng)詞不定式替換。例如：

　　Do you know the names of those flowers that are being planted by the gardener? (…flowers being planted by the gardener?)

　　Are you going to the party which will be held on New Year’s Eve? (=…the party to be held on New Year’s Eve?)

    考前須知：申碩考試時(shí)間安排 ♦準(zhǔn)考證下載入口 ♦英語(yǔ)寫作模板匯總 ♦歷年同等學(xué)力真題

    入門須知：什么是在職研究生 ♦在職讀研六大方式 ♦在職研報(bào)考條件 ♦讀在職研有用嗎