第三講 冠詞的用法

　　一、冠詞的位置

　　1) 在名詞詞組中，冠詞一般放在最前面。例如：

　　the last few days a really good concert

　　2) 名詞詞組里如果有all, both, exactly, just, many, quite, rather, such, what等詞，這類詞可以放在冠詞之前。例如：

　　all the time both (the) brothers

　　exactly the wrong colour just the right place

　　quite a nice day rather a mess such a funny story

　　3) 和as, how/however, so, too連用時(shí), 形容詞放在冠詞之前。例如：

　　He’s not so big a fool as you think.

　　She’s as clever a girl as you’re ever likely to meet.

　　This is too heavy a bag for me to carry.

　　How large an armchair did he have?

　　However tiring a day she may have, she never loses her good humour.

　　二、不定冠詞 (Indefinite Article)

　　1) a/an表示“任何一個(gè)(類)”，只能用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前。例如：

　　We are having a committee meeting this afternoon.

　　a/an不用于不可數(shù)名詞前。例如：

　　There will be discussion and argument at the meeting.

　　He drinks milk every day.

　　2) 不可數(shù)名詞用作可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，可用a/an。例如：

　　I’ve just bought a lovely big Danish cheese.

　　I don’t like cheese.

　　She was inspired with a new courage.

　　She showed great courage.

　　3) 表示職業(yè)、社會(huì)地位、宗教、民族和年齡的名詞用作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)或同位語(yǔ)時(shí)，前面一般需要a/an。例如：

　　When he was a child, he decided to become a racing driver.

　　He’s a lawyer, a bachelor, and a Methodist (衛(wèi)理公會(huì)教徒).

　　She became an American by naturalization (歸化).

　　They are nearly of an age.

　　但有時(shí)并不需要冠詞。例如：

　　He was once secretary to the president.

　　Professor Brown, chairman of the Department of Education, will be our speaker tonight.

　　4) 用于表示價(jià)格、速度、比率等名詞前，如five pence a kilo, sixty kilometers an hour, four times a day等。

　　5) 用于下列這樣的固定短語(yǔ)中。如a couple, a dozen, half a dozen, a hundred, a lot of, a great many, a great deal of, a large amount/quantity of, a good number of 等。

　　I’ve done a great deal of work today. (不可數(shù))

　　What a large number of books you have! (可數(shù))

　　It’s a good five miles(=at least five miles, perhaps mote) to the station.

　　三、定冠詞 (Definite Article)

　　1)定冠詞的基本特性

　　實(shí)際上所有名詞(專有名詞將另行討論)前都可能用定冠詞the。究竟用不用定冠詞，主要取決于我們所表達(dá)的思想。如果我們要給予某個(gè)名詞以明確的、限定的、特指的意義，就用the;反之，就不用the。請(qǐng)看下列句子：

　　1 2

　　I I love books. Put the books on the shelf.

　　Butter is not cheap. The butter I bought is not cheap.

　　He went to work by car. He rode to work in the new car.

　　He has gained strength. |He has regained the strength he lost.

　　I like music. I like the music composed by the young man.

　　a) 一般用于帶有修飾語(yǔ)的名詞詞組前，但并非所有帶修飾語(yǔ)的名詞都需要the。例如：

　　Don’t you think Georgian houses are absolutely lovely?

　　Stainless steel (不銹鋼器皿) has many uses.

　　I can’t say I care for modern art.

　　上面三句中斜體部分的名詞雖然都有修飾語(yǔ)，因沒有明確限定而是泛指一類事物，故不用the。下面三句斜體部分的名詞則表示提到過的，特指的事物，要用the：

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