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同等學(xué)力英語(yǔ)每日一練12月4日

來(lái)源:環(huán)球卓越 時(shí)間:2006-12-04 09:20:22

在職研究生系列同等學(xué)力

同等學(xué)力每日一練語(yǔ)法? 6

語(yǔ)法部分要求考生掌握九大類(lèi)基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí),并能在閱讀、寫(xiě)作等過(guò)程中運(yùn)用這些語(yǔ)法知識(shí)解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題。這些要求看似復(fù)雜,其實(shí)只要考生在復(fù)習(xí)準(zhǔn)備時(shí)認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)有關(guān)的詞匯和語(yǔ)法知識(shí),了解考題的特點(diǎn),在做練習(xí)題時(shí)注意識(shí)別練習(xí)題中的考點(diǎn),有針對(duì)性地復(fù)習(xí)考試大綱所涵蓋的相關(guān)知識(shí),真正做到知已知彼,就能在考試中取得滿意的成績(jī)。

6 .主謂一致

( 1 )集體名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí),主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一致

如集體名詞在句中意指整體概念,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;如在句中意指其具體成員,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這類(lèi)集體名詞包括: army, audience, class, committee, crowd, crew, couple, family, group, staff, team, public, cabinet, band 等。例如:

The population of the earth is increasing very fast.

One third of the population here are farmers.

The public has every reason to be cautious of professional deception.

The public now know the whole story.

( 2 )學(xué)科名稱和疾病名稱做主語(yǔ)時(shí),主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一致

某些學(xué)科名稱和疾病名稱雖詞尾加 s 的形式,但這些詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。這些詞包括: electronics (電子學(xué)), mechanics (力學(xué)), classics (古典文學(xué)), linguistics (語(yǔ)言學(xué)), economics (經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)), statistics (統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)), physics (物理學(xué)), mathematics (數(shù)學(xué))等。例如:

Electronics is a piece of cake to him.

Quantum mechanics (量子力學(xué)) supplies methods for calculating the results of experiments in all those realms .

( 3 )表示書(shū)名、報(bào)名、劇名、國(guó)名等的名詞或詞組做主語(yǔ)時(shí),主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一致;表示書(shū)名、報(bào)名、劇名、國(guó)名等的名詞(或詞組)做主語(yǔ)時(shí),如只指一種、一本或一個(gè),不論它形式是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只用單數(shù)形式。例如:

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was written by the famous American humorist Mark Twain.

The New York Times is not available here,

The United States was founded in 1776.

( 4 )單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí),主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一致

單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí),要根據(jù)句子意思來(lái)確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式,單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞包括: aircraft, deer, fish, sheep, means, species, series, works, crossroads, headquarters 等。例如:

Various means of transport are introduced in this article.

There are already l37 species of butterflies known in the world today.

( 5 )表示時(shí)間、距離、度量、價(jià)值的復(fù)數(shù)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí),主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一致

這些復(fù)數(shù)名詞,如表示抽象概念,被視作一整體時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;如表示具體的多少,強(qiáng)調(diào)復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:

Ten minutes is all that I can spare for you.

Six thousand dollars is a large sum of money to her.

The fifty miles were covered by the winner in three hours.

( 6 )由 with 、 as well as 等詞或詞組修飾的單數(shù)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí),主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一致

如做主語(yǔ)的單數(shù)名詞后有下列詞或詞組修飾時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式: with, along with, together with, besides, as well as, in addition to, accompanied by, rather than, but 等。例如:

The teacher as well as the students likes this novel.

A scientist, together with some assistants, was sent to help solve that problem.

The boss, rather than his employees, is to blame.

( 7 ) and 連接的兩個(gè)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí),主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一致

一般情況下, and 連接的兩個(gè)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但有些情況下, and 連接的兩個(gè)名詞意指同一人物、同一事物、同一概念時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。

通常,如果兩個(gè)名詞只有一個(gè)限定詞或無(wú)限定詞修飾時(shí),它們常常表示一個(gè)概念,如果兩個(gè)名詞分別有兩個(gè)限定詞修飾時(shí),它們往往表示兩個(gè)不同的概念。另外,如果 and 連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞均有 each 、 every 、 many 、 a 、 no 等詞修飾時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如:

War and peace is a constant theme in history.

The wear and tear on the machine is obvious.

The secretary and manager was present at the meeting.

Every hour and every minute is vital to me now.

Many a boy and many a girl has been to the exhibition.

( 8 )連詞 or 等連接兩個(gè)名詞(或代詞)做主語(yǔ)時(shí),主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一致

連詞 or 、 either…or… 、 neither…nor… 、 not only…but also… 連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須和靠它較近的一個(gè)名詞或代詞取得一致,這就是就近一致原則。例如:

Either I or they are responsible for it.

Neither your unkind words nor your unfriendly attitude has caused me any distress.

Not only he but also his family members are interested in football match.

( 9 ) none 本身做主語(yǔ)時(shí)或它修飾的名詞或代詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí),如代表不可數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,如代表可數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既可用單數(shù)形式也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

( 10 ) one and a half 后接的名詞應(yīng)是復(fù)數(shù)形式,但謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如:

One and a half years has passed.

( 11 ) more than one 后接單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,但如果 more than one 本身做主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

( 12 ) either 、 neither 做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

( 13 ) one or two 后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

( 14 ) one of 后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

( 15 )動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)、名詞性從句等做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如:

Seeing is believing.

To hesitate means failure.

結(jié)束

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