一致關(guān)系包括主語與謂語，代詞與所指代的名詞必須在人稱、數(shù)、性等方面保持一致。

（一） 主謂一致

主謂一致指的是謂語動(dòng)詞必須和主語保持一致，現(xiàn)將開始中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的幾種主謂一致情況歸納如下。

1．在名詞/代詞+介詞短語作主語中，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)不受這些短語的影響。
She as well as the other students has learned how to install this electric equipment.她和其他同學(xué)一樣，也學(xué)會(huì)了如何安裝這種電器設(shè)備。
She, as much as her parents, was responsible for the matter.
The boy, more than anyone else, is fatter.
My license rather than my credit cards was lost.

2．在one+in/of/out of等引導(dǎo)的結(jié)構(gòu)中，一般采用語法一致原則，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
One of the most interesting stories was told by a boy of eight.
One out of ten is certainly wrong.

3．在one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句中，常采用就近一致原則，除非one前有 the only/ exactly/ very等副詞。
She is one of the best students who have been praised.
He is the only one of the men who knows her.

4．由each… and…., every… and…, each… and…each…, every… and every…作主語時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
Every man and (every) woman in the village is a faithful supporter of the economic reform. 這個(gè)村的每一個(gè)男女村民都是經(jīng)濟(jì)改革的忠實(shí)支持者。

5．表示時(shí)間、距離、重量、金錢或計(jì)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，當(dāng)句子的意思是指總數(shù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
Three pints isn’t enough for me to drink.
Four thousand pounds is a large sum. (Thousands of/millions of …. +   復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞)

6．a(chǎn) lot of (lots of), the majority of + 單數(shù)名詞，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
A lot of money has been saved up.
Lots of problems are caused by unemployment.
The majority of the damage is easier to repair.
The majority of people believe smoking is harmful to health.

7．a(chǎn) large quantity of + 單數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)動(dòng)詞
a large quantity of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞
但great/large/huge/quantities of + 不可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞
Quantities of food were on the table.
There is only a small quantity of money left.

8．Many a … 或more than one + 單數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)動(dòng)詞(many a… and many a…; every… and every …; each …and each… + 單數(shù)動(dòng)詞)
There is more than one possible explanation.
Many a plant and many an animal has been divided.
During the Second World War, every man and every woman and every child in that village was killed by Japanese soldiers. 在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)時(shí)期，這村子里的男女老少全被日本鬼子殺害了。

9．half of/rest of/plenty of + 單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)動(dòng)詞，而后如為復(fù)數(shù)名詞則動(dòng)詞為復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞形式。
Half of our work has been finished.
Half of the books are English novels.

10．a(chǎn) portion of, a series of, a flock of, a herd of, a school of等，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
A flock of sheep is on the hillside.
A portion of the manuscript is illegible. 這手稿的一部分不易辯讀。
There are plenty of natural resources waiting to be explored.

11．某些集體名詞如：cattle, clergy, police, militia, poultry等后面的謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
These cattle are from Holland.
The clergy are opposed to the plan.

12．English, Chinese, French等指語言時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)；指人民時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。
English is very difficult to learn.
The Chinese are very hospitable. 中國人十分好客。

13．在一些固定的習(xí)語中and具有with的意義，兩個(gè)名詞表示一個(gè)概念。其中，后面的名詞不用冠詞。在這種情況下，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
the bread brad and butter 奶油面包
cart and horse 車馬
a needle and threat 一根穿有線的針
a watch and chain 一只帶有鏈條的手表
water and salt 鹽開水
the wheel and axle 輪軸
ham and egg 火腿蛋

14．非謂語動(dòng)詞（不定式，動(dòng)名詞）、名詞從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
Seeing is believing.
What can be done has been done.
注意：在以what 引導(dǎo)的從句為主語的結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果主語補(bǔ)語是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞可采用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)；但當(dāng)what從句的主語補(bǔ)語和謂語動(dòng)詞均為復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞采用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：
What appear to be large windows in the second story are glass heat collectors.

15．a(chǎn)udience, class, committee, company, crew, crowd, government, family, public, team, jury等名詞著重指整體謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；強(qiáng)調(diào)成員時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)。
The football team is playing well.
The football team are having baths.

16．machinery, poetry, scenery, population, jewelry, merchandize等謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
There is a large population in this country.
The machinery is driven by electricity.

Exercise 7.1
1. The recent statistics on marriage ______ a strong response on public.
A. is evoking B. are evoking C. evoked D. Evoke
2. Two dimes and a penny ______ all the coins john had with him.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
3. More than one hundred volunteers ______ hurried to the scene to donate their blood.
A. have B. has C. having D. had
4. She was crazy about swimming, half of her spare time ______ spent in the swimming pool.
A. are B. is C. was D. were
5. That species of birds ______ small, timid and rare.
A. are B. is C. being D. been
6. A wide variety of pictures ______ being displayed at the Beijing Art Galley.
A. are B. Is C. was D. were
7. The iron and steel industry ______ the backbone of socialist construction.
A. is being B. was being C. is D. are
8. About two thirds of the world ______ inhabited by people who are severely under nourished.
A. is B. are C. had been D. have been
9. All but one of the graduate assistants ______ the results of the experiment.
A. understands B. understand
C. had been understood D. has understood
10. No boy and no girl under the age of thirteen ______ permitted to see the film.
A. been B. being C. are D. is
11. More than 50% of the machine tools on display ______ of our own manufacture.
A. are B. is C. had been D. was
12. On the winding path ______ to be found footprints of some strange animals.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
13. Many a member of the armed forces ______ given his life for our country.
A. had B. have C. has D. had had
14. There ______ to be several reasons for changing their plans.
A. appears B. appear C. appearing D. appeared
15. All trade between the two countries ______ suspended pending negotiation of a new agreement.
A. are B. is C. were D. was
16. Ham and eggs ______ a hearty break fast for a growing boy.
A. make B. makes C. make D. are making
17. The majority of the TOFEL ______ difficult.
A. is B. are C. was D. had been
18. The audience ______ told ______ shouldn’t applaud until all the speeches had been given.
A. was… they B. were… it C. was… it D. were… they
19. Neither Jane nor Mary told Tom and me that ______ wanted to visit us this summer.
A. I B. he C. they D. she
20. Both my wife and my son asked me to make ______ bacon and eggs for breakfast.
A. himself B. her C. them D. themselves