（三）分詞

1．使役動詞have, make, get, let, feel, find, hear, see, watch, want, wish等后可接過去分詞作賓補，表示動作由他人完成。
When you speak, you must make yourself heard.(他人聽見)
I shall have the windows cleaned before I put up the new curtain.
I wonder if she could get it done tomorrow.
I heard it said that he will quit his present job soon.

2．當現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞的邏輯主語是句子的主語時，分詞可帶連詞
when, while, although, as if etc.
Although born in China, she is the most famous for her stories about New York City.
He is lying on the floor, as if knocked down by someone else.
When heated, water can change into vapor.
She was singing English songs while reading.

3．獨立結構
　　當句子的主語不是分詞的主語，分詞自帶有主語時，稱為分詞的獨立結構。獨立結構在句子中作狀語表時間、原因、伴隨等。being 在獨立結構中常省略。
The meeting (being) over, they went to the park. (時間)
The car stopped, there being no fuel in the tank! (原因)
Her eyes filled with tears, she did not see him enter. (伴隨)
He came into the room, his face (being) red with cold. (伴隨)
Weather permitting, we’ll go fishing. (條件)
介詞with 也常用來引出獨立結構。
He fell asleep with the lamp burning.
With all factors considered, we think this program may excel all the others in achieving the goal.

4．現(xiàn)在分詞的完成、被動形式與過去分詞的區(qū)別
1）現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時表示主動意義，過去分詞表示完成被動意義。
Having finished my exercises, I went out. (=When I had finished my exercises, I went out.)
Finished (=When it has been finished), the book may have 400 pages.

2）現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動式既表完成又表被動時，可與過去分詞互換。
Having been given (=given) such a good chance, how could she let it slip away?

3）不及物動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞表進行；不及物動詞的過去分詞只表完成。
He found a girl standing under a tree singing. (進行)
We found him gone. (完成)

4）及物動詞的過去分詞有時只表被動，不表完成；有時既表被動又表完成。
Spoken English (被動) a broken glass (完成，被動)

5）現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式強調(diào)動作正在進行，過去分詞強調(diào)完成。
The question discussed (= which has been discussed) at the meeting is very important.
The question being discussed (= which is being discussed) at the meeting is very important.

Exercise 5.1
1. It is so nice ______ you. I now know a lot about you.
A. to see B. see C. to have seen D. to having seen
2. I’m sorry ______ you. I didn’t mean it.
A. To hurt B. to have hurt C. having hurt D. had hurt
3. --“She seemed ______ me in class, I didn’t notice her doing anything else, but she wasn’t”
–“She didn’t remember a single word of mine!”
A. to have listened to B. to be listening to
C. to have heard D. to listen to
4. “What has he been doing in the U.S.A.? He even can’t give a lecture fluently in English.”
“Don’t be surprised. He is said _____ instead of studying these years.”
A. to be working B. to work
C. to being asked D. to have been working
5. It’s an honor for me ______ make a speech here.
A. to ask to B. to be asked to
C. to being asked to D. to have asked to
6. He opened the car door ______.
A. for his manager’s getting in B. for his manager’s to get in
C. for his manager to have got in D. for his manager to get in
7. All you need to do is ______ the button.
A. to press B. pressing C. to have pressed D. press
8. After getting to know him better, I regretted ______ him unfairly.
A. to judge B. having judged C. to have judged D. judge
9. The man the police found ______ suspiciously in the shop doorway was charged with loitering with intent.
A. having acted B. to act C. acting D. being acted
10. The answer ______ is incorrect.
A. giving to that question B. given of that question
C. giving of that question D. given to that question
11. I tried ______ eggs and bacon together, and found that this was as much quicker way of preparing a meal.
A. to have cooked B. to cook C. cooking D. for cooking
12. ______, there can be no wind.
A. The moon having not atmosphere
B. For the moon to have no atmosphere
C. The moon’s having no atmosphere
D. The moon having no atmosphere
13. Don’t stand there ______ nothing.
A. to do B. doing C. do D. for doing
14. A job worth ______ should be done well.
A. to do B. to being done C. being do D. doing
15. I should prefer ______ to the cinema rather than sit here listening to him talk.
A. to go B. going C. to have gone D. having gone
16. If you are caught ______, you’ll be expelled from school.
A. having cheated B. cheating C. to have cheated D. to cheat
17. It is no use blaming him. He had no choice but ______ as he told
A. do B. to do C. did had done
18. He does nothing but ______ about his fate.
A. to complain B. complain
C. complaining D. having complained
19. The atom consists of a nucleus ______.
A. spinning around it
B. to spin around it
C. one or more electrons spinning around it
D. with one or more electrons spinning around it
20. I dislike ______ someone watching when I eat.
A. to have B. having had C. having D. have

Exercise 5.2
1. She is said _____ English in a school for twenty years.
A. to be taught B. teaching C. having taught D. to have taught
2. _____ with Lei Feng, we still have a long way to go.
A. Comparing B. Compared C. To compare D. Being compared
3. The machine _____ now was bought 15 years ago.
A. being repaired B. repaired C. to be repaired D. repairing
4. I can’t have my car _____ by reckless driving.
A. to ruin B. ruined C. to be ruined D. ruining
5. Here’s a bowl for you _____.
A. breaking eggs B. breaking eggs in C. to break eggs D. to break eggs in
6. The thief got off the bus _____.
A. unnoticing B. being unnoticed C. to be unnoticed D. unnoticed
7. _____ with the lecture, he slipped out of the classroom. (The lecture was boring.)
A. Boring B. Bored C. To be bored D. To bore
8. _____ he stayed at home reading a book.
A. Having not been invited B. Not to be invited
C. Not having been invited D. Being not invited
9. The door _____ tomorrow will get dry the day after tomorrow.
A. painted B. to be painted C. being painted D. to paint
10. They often practise _____ English among themselves.
A. to speak B. having spoken C. speaking D. to be spoken
11. I shall never forget _____ late Premier Zhou during his inspection of our university.
A. to meet B. meeting C. to be meeting D. to have met
12. He could do nothing but _____ what he had said.
A. to take back B. to be taken back C. taking back D. take back
13. Did you remember _____ them when you were there?
A. to call on B. being called C. calling on D. to be calling on
14. _____, we stand; divided, we fall.
A. Uniting B. United C. To united D. To be united
15. We had no choice but _____.
A. turning back B. turn back C. to turn back D. to be turning back
16. When we passed by the door, he threw an _____ look at us.
A. interest B. interesting C. interest’s D. interested
17. We couldn’t help _____ by their achievements.
A. to be impressed B. being impressed
C. impressed D. having been impressed
18. _____ more time, she would certainly have done much better.
A. To give B. Giving C. Given D. To be given
19. With a great weight _____ my mind, I turned into a by-stander.
A. to take off B. taking off C. taken off D. being taken off
20. I can’t understand _____ to go to the meeting.
A. their being forbidden B. their forbidding
C. them to be forbidden D. them to forbid