同等學(xué)力英語(yǔ)輔導(dǎo)—?jiǎng)釉~不定式二

九、不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)： for+ 名詞（代詞） + 不定式

1. It's just impossible for a child to do that job.

2. It is necessary for goods to be packed in strong cases.

•  當(dāng)表語(yǔ)形容詞為 good, kind, nice, honest, wise, clever, right, thoughtful, tactful （老練的） , polite, courteous （禮貌的） , sensible, bold, bad, stupid, cruel （殘忍的） , rude, impolite, wrong, silly 等可以修飾人的行為、性格特征等詞語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)由 “of+ 名詞（代詞） + 不定式 ” 構(gòu)成。

1. It is wise of him to settle the case that way.

2. It's kind of you to say so.

 

十、動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)

•  不定式的一般形式所表示的動(dòng)作，通常與謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作（狀態(tài)）同時(shí)（或幾乎同時(shí)）發(fā)生，或是在它之后發(fā)生。

e.g. I saw him go out.

•  如果謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作（情況）發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，這時(shí)不定式就要用進(jìn)行式。

e.g. 1. I am very glad to be working with you.

2. You won't want to be washing at this time of night.

•  如果不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，就要用完成式。

e.g. 1. I'm sorry to have kept you waiting.

2. To have known her is a privilege.

十一、動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式

e.g. 1. He asked to be sent to work in the countryside.

2. It is possible for our hopes to be realized .

3. The problem remains to be solved .

•  在 want, like, wish, have, get, leave, see, watch, hear, make 等動(dòng)詞后用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)不定式可省去 to be.

e.g. 1. When visiting a foreign country, I sometimes found it difficult to make myself understood.

2. You will see this product advertised wherever you go.

•  不定式修飾的名詞或代詞和不定式邏輯上構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)形式。

e.g. Have you got a key to unlock the door? (A key unlocks the door.)

•  不定式和它前面被修飾的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，又和該句主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式常用主動(dòng)形式。

e.g. 1. I have got a letter to write. (I write letter)

2. He needs a room to live in. (He lives in a room.)

3. I know what to do. (I do what.) 這句話改成從句要用被動(dòng)形式： I know what is to be done.

•  不定式作表語(yǔ)形容詞的狀語(yǔ)，和句中主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式多用主動(dòng)形式。

e.g. 1. He is hard to talk to. (to talk to him)

2. The book is difficult to understand.

(to understand the book)

•  在 there be 的結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)說(shuō)話人考慮的是必須有人去完成某件事時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)形式，如果說(shuō)話人強(qiáng)調(diào)的是事情本身必須完成，則用被動(dòng)形式。

e.g. 1. There is a lot of work to do.

(Somebody has to do the work.)

2. There is a lot of work to be done.

(The work has to be done.)

3. There is nothing to do. 意為無(wú)事可做，感到十分乏味。

4. There is nothing to be done. 意為某東西壞了，無(wú)法使之恢復(fù)正常。

•  有些句子習(xí)慣上須用不定式被動(dòng)式。

e.g. 1. Such things are to be seen any day.

這種事哪一天都可遇到。

2. This is a day never to be forgotten.

這是令人難忘的一天。

3. There was no sound to be heard.

聽(tīng)不到有什么聲音。

4. Sure you know what is to be done.

你肯定知道應(yīng)該怎么辦。

•  雙重被動(dòng)式： be+ 過(guò)去分詞 + 不定式被動(dòng)式

常用這種雙重被動(dòng)式的動(dòng)詞有 allow, announce, attempt, believe, desire, enable, expect, intend, know, mean, order, permit, propose, report, say 等。

e.g. 1. The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room.

2. I let him know what was intended to be done .

3. More than 250 tons of oranges are expected to be harvested this year in the county.

4. The local health organization is reported to have been set up twenty-five years ago when Dr. Alice became its first president.

配套練習(xí)：

1. It ' s most foolish _____ so.

A. for you to say B. of you to say C. with you saying D. in your saying

2. Those letters are _____ to the countryside right away.

A. to be sent B. sending C. to have been sent D. sent

3. We are all afraid _____ by robbers.

A. to rob B. to be robbed C. of robbing D. of being robbed

4. I ' m sorry _____ off the light when I left the room.

A. to forget to turn B. to have forgotten to turn

C. to have forgotten turning D. to be forgetting turning

5. — Do you get someone _____ your clothes?

— Yes, I often have them _____.

A. wash/washed B. to wash/washed C. washing/wash D. washed/washing

6. You will make great progress in the days _____.

A. coming B. that to come C. when to come D. to come

7. — Does anybody want an extra ticket to go to the play?

— Whom would you rather have _____ with you, George or me?

A. to go B. go C. gone D. going

8. We agreed _____ here but so far she hasn ' t turned up yet.

A. having met B. meeting C. to have met D. to meet

9. That beggar seems _____ anything yesterday.

A. not to have eaten B. not to eat

C. didn ' t eat D. to not have eaten

10. To learn to speak English well, _____.

A. much practice is needed B. one needs much practice

C. much practice is needed by one D. one is needed much practice

11. We didn ' t expect our offer _____ so quickly.

A. rejected B. to rejected C. to be rejected D. rejecting

12. I went to see him _____ him out.

A. finding B. find C. only to find D. to find

13. We have been looking for the boy all the morning, but he is nowhere _____.

A. to see B. seeing C. seen D. to be seen

14. You look light-hearted. Nothing seems _____ to you.

A. to happen B. to have been happened

C. to have happened D. to be happened

15. The matter had better _____ as it is.

A. leave B. being left C. leaving D. be left

16. What he said made us deeply _____.

A. move B. moved C. to move D. moving

17. He likes parties. He is always the first _____ and the last _____.

A. coming/leaving B. to come/leave C. come/leave D. to come/to leave

答案：

1. B 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.B 6.D 7.B 8.D 9.A 10.B 11.C 12.C 13.D 14.C 15.D 16.B 17.D