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　　In the United States, the first day nursery, was opened in 1854. Nurseries were established in various areas during the __11__ half of the 19th century; most of them were charitable. Both in Europe and in the U.S., the day nursery movement received great __12__ during the First World War, when __13__ of manpower caused the industrial employment of unprecedented (前所未有) numbers of women. In some European countries nurseries were established _14__ in munitions (軍火) plants, under direct government sponsorship. Although the number of nurseries in the U.S. also rose __15__, this rise was accomplished without government aid of any kind. During the years following the First World War, _16__, federal, State, and local governments gradually began to exercise a measure of control in the day nurseries, chiefly by __17__ them and by inspecting and regulating the conditions within the nurseries.

　　The __18__ of the Second World War was quickly followed by an increase in the number of day nurseries in almost all countries; as women were again called up on to replace men in the factories. On this __19__ the U.S. government immediately came to the support of the nursery schools, __20__ $6,000,000 in July, 1942, for a nursery school program for the children of working mothers. Many States and local communities __21__ this Federal aid. By the end of the war, in August, 1945, more than 100,000 children were being cared for in daycare centers receiving Federal __22__. Soon afterward, the Federal government _23__ cut down its expenditures for this purpose and later __24__ them, causing a sharp drop in the number of nursery schools in operation. However, the expectation that most employed mothers would leave their _25__ at the end of the war was only partly fulfilled.

　　11. A. latter B. late C. other D. first

　　12. A. impetus B. input C. imitation D. initiative

　　13. A. sources B. abundance C. shortage D. reduction

　　14. A. hardly B. entirely C. only D. even

　　15. A. unanimously B. sharply C. predominantly D. militantly

　　16. A. therefore B. consequently C. however D. moreover

　　17. A. formulating B. labeling C. patenting D. licensing

　　18. A. outset B. outbreak C. breakthrough D. breakdown

　　19. A. circumstance B. occasion C. case D. situation

　　20. A. regulating B. summoning C. allocating D. transferring

　　21. A. expanded B. facilitated C. supplemented D. compensated

　　22. A. pensions B. subsidies C. revenues D. budgets

　　23. A. prevalently B. furiously C. statistically D. drastically

　　24. A. abolished B. diminished C. jeopardized D. precluded

　　25. A. nurseries B. homes C. jobs D. children

　　【參考答案】

　　11-15 BACDB 16-20 CABBC 21-25 CBDAC