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一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 用法
補(bǔ)充過去發(fā)生并且已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成影響或后果
過去某一時(shí)間開始并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)
[編輯本段]句型
基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+have/has+過去分詞(done)
、倏隙ň洌褐髡Z+have/has+過去分詞+其他
、诜穸ň洌褐髡Z+have/has+not+過去分詞+其他
、垡话阋蓡柧洌篐ave/Has+主語+過去分詞+其他
④特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句(have/has+主語+過去分詞+其他)
[編輯本段]過去分詞
1 、規(guī)則動(dòng)詞:規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則與規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則相同。四點(diǎn)變化規(guī)則:
(1)、一般動(dòng)詞,在詞尾直接加“ ed ”。
work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited
(2)、以“ e ”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,只在詞尾加“ d ”。
live---lived---lived ,
(3)、以“輔音字母 + y ”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,將 "y" 變?yōu)?"i" ,再加“ ed ”。
study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried ,
play---played---played ,stay---stayed---stayed
(4)、重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母,先雙寫該輔音字母,再加“ ed ”。
stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped
2 、不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞:
AAA型
原型 過去式 過去分詞
burst burst burst
cast cast cast
cost cost cost
cut cut cut
hit hit hit
hurt hurt hurt
put put put
set set set
shut shut shut
spread spread spread
let let let
AAB型
beat beat beaten
ABA型
become became become
run ran run
come came come
特殊情況
read read read
read原形發(fā)音為/ri:d/,過去式和過去分詞發(fā)音為/red/
ABB型
bring brought brought
buy bought bought
build built built
burn burnt burnt
catch caught caught
dig dug dug
feel felt felt
fight fought fought
find found found
hear heard heard
hold held held
keep kept kept
lay laid laid
lead led led
lose lost lost
make made made
meet met met
sell sold sold
shoot shot shot
sit sat sat
stand stood stood
sweep swept swept
teach taught taught
tell told told
think thought thought
win won won
ABC型
begin began begun
blow blew blown
break broke broken
choose chose chosen
draw drew drawn
drive drove driven
drink drank drunk
fly flew flown
forgive forgave forgiven
forget forgot forgotten
freeze froze frozen
give gave given
grow grew grown
know knew known
ride rode ridden
rise rose risen
ring rang rung
shake shook shaken
sing sang sung
sink sank sunk
swim swam swum
throw threw thrown
write wrote written
[編輯本段]用法
(1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來表示現(xiàn)在之前已發(fā)生過或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),但其結(jié)果卻和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系,也就是說,動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在.
I have spent all of my money.(含義是:現(xiàn)在我沒有錢花了.)
Jane has laid the table.(含義是:現(xiàn)在桌子已經(jīng)擺好了.)
Michael has been ill.(含義是:現(xiàn)在仍然很虛弱)
He has returned from abroad. (含義是:現(xiàn)在已在此地)
(2)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一時(shí)刻的,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作(用行為動(dòng)詞表示)或狀態(tài)(be動(dòng)詞表示)常與for(+時(shí)間段),since(+時(shí)間點(diǎn)或過去時(shí)的句子)連用.
Mary has been ill for three days.
I have lived here since 1998.
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