現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：

    1.構(gòu)成：have / has +過(guò)去分詞

    2.功能：

    （1 ）表示過(guò)去所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。常與yet ， just
，before ， recently ， lately （最近）， ever ， never等表時(shí)間的副詞搭
配使用。？。 He hasn't seen her lately. ？。 I haven't finished the book
yet.

    （2 ）表示一個(gè)從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間開(kāi)始，延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并可能持續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作，
常與表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：so far（迄今為止）， up till now
（直到現(xiàn)在）， since， for a long time（很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間）， up to present（直
到現(xiàn)在）， in the past / in the last few years（在過(guò)去的幾年里）， these
days（目前）……？。 He has worked here for 15 years. ？。 I have studied
English since I came here.？。 The foreigner has been away from China
for a long time.？。 So far ， I haven't received a single letter from
my brother.

    （3 ）某些非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（即：動(dòng)作開(kāi)始便終止的動(dòng)詞），在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中
不能與表示一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)搭配。

    黃金要點(diǎn)：I.常見(jiàn)的非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞：die ， arrive （到達(dá)）， join （加入），
leave （離開(kāi)）， go ， refuse （拒絕）， fail （失�。�， finish ， buy，
marry ， divorce（離婚）， awake（醒）， buy， borrow ， lend ……（背
三遍�。�

    II. 這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞并非不能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而是不能接常由for 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

    III.但若是用在否定句中，非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以與表示一段時(shí)間的
狀語(yǔ)連用。

    ？。 She has gone away for a month. （誤）？。 She has been away for
a month （正）

    ？。 The man has died for two years.（誤）？。 The man has been dead
for two years.（正）

    ？。 How long have youbought the book ？（誤）？。 How long have you
got the book. （正）

    （4 ）注意 since的用法：？。 They haven't had any trouble since they
came here.？。 It has been ten years since we met last time.？。 He has
been here since 1980. ？。 He has been here since ten years ago.

    幾組對(duì)比：

    ？。 He has gone to Shanghai. 他到上海去了。？。 He has been to Shanghai.
他去過(guò)上海。

    ？。 She has gone.她已走了。？。 She is gone. 她缺席了。（或者她死
了。）

    ？。 The door has been closed.門(mén)關(guān)上了。（動(dòng)作）？。 The door is closed.
門(mén)是關(guān)著的。（狀態(tài)）

    測(cè)試精編

    1. The prices ________ going up all the time in the past few years.
A. keep B. kept C. have kept D. are keeping

    2. For the whole period of two months ， there ________ no rain in
this area. A. is B. will be C. has been D. have been

    3. Today is Jane's wedding day. She ________ John. A. have just married
with B. was just married to C. has just been married to D. just has been
married to

    4. No wonder the flower have withered ， they ________ any water for
ages. A. hadn't B. haven't C. haven't had D. hadn't had

    5. Nowadays computer ________ a wide application with the development
of production and science. A. found B. has found C. finds D. had found

    （后設(shè)答案，大家不要偷看哦~ （*^__^*）嘻嘻……）

    KEYS

    1. C 2. C 3. C 4. C 5. B