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名詞:
(一)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)
1.規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式:在單數(shù)名詞后加“s ” day→ days week→ weeks
2.在以 o, s, x, ch , sh 結(jié)尾的名詞后加“es”。
hero→ heroes box → boxes class→ classes bush → bushes watch →
watches
3.黃金重點(diǎn):I.有些以o 結(jié)尾的外來(lái)詞或縮略詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式只加“s ”。
II. 以元音字母加o 結(jié)尾的單詞只加“s ”。(不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞,請(qǐng)你查詞典,
懶惰是學(xué)英語(yǔ)的唯一大忌。)
piano ,photo ,zero,radio ,bamboo,tobacco ,solo,cuckoo,dynamo,
cameo ,soprano 教你一招☆如果以O(shè) 結(jié)尾的名詞有生命力,則該詞匯一般加-es.
hero,tomato,potato,Negro (黑人)[ 簡(jiǎn)記:黑人英雄吃西紅柿馬鈴薯。]
4.以輔音加y 結(jié)尾的名詞變y 為i 再加“es”
family→ families city→ cities
5.y 前面是元音字母只加“s ”
key → keys boy → boys play→ plays toy→ toys
6.以f 、fe結(jié)尾的名詞,變 f / fe 為 v加 es. calf → calves knife →
knives
?當(dāng)心當(dāng)心:I.下列名詞直接加“s ”。(請(qǐng)大聲朗讀三遍,然后背下。注
意讀音!)
roof(房頂),reef(暗礁),chief (首領(lǐng)),cliff (懸崖),grief
(悲痛),turf(草皮), belief (信仰),gulf(港灣),dwarf (侏儒),
safe(保險(xiǎn)箱),sheriff (長(zhǎng)官),tariff(關(guān)稅)
II.scarf(頭巾),wharf (碼頭),staff (全體職員),handkerchief
(手帕)和 hoof (蹄)既可直接加“s ”,又可變 f為 v加 es.
(二)不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式
1. foot → feet mouse → mice goose → geese child→ children ox→
oxen louse→ lice woman → women man→ men
2.單復(fù)數(shù)同形:sheep , deer , fish , means, Chinese, Japanese ,
Swiss , works,barracks(兵營(yíng)) bellows(風(fēng)箱) kennels(狗窩)
3.一些英語(yǔ)外來(lái)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式:crisis→crises危機(jī)analysis→analyses分
析oasis →oases 綠洲parenthesis →parentheses 括號(hào)axis→axes軸心ellipsis
→ellipses日蝕hypothesis→hypotheses假定synopsis→synopses內(nèi)容提要erratum
→errata勘誤誤表addendum→addenda 補(bǔ)遺、附錄medium→media 媒體(以上單
詞熟悉即可)
(三)復(fù)合名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式
1.中間沒(méi)有連字符的合成名詞在詞尾變復(fù)數(shù):bookshelf →bookshelves handful
→handfuls
2.man 和 woman構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞,二者均變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。
man servant → men servants woman teache r→ women teachers
3.中間有連字符的合成次,在主體詞(中心意義的詞)末尾變復(fù)數(shù):sister-in-law
→ sisters-in-law looker-on → lookers-on editor-in-chief →editors-in-chief
4.下列合成名詞在后一個(gè)詞上變化:sit-in→sit-ins , grown-up →grown-ups
stand-by→stand-bys touch-me-not→touch-me-nots go-between→go-betweens
(四)名詞所有格
1.在大多數(shù)名詞末加“'s”
the boy's toy , men's work
2.以 s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞直接加“' ”
the students' reading room
3.以 s結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞加“' ”
Dickens' novels the actress' performance
4.合成名詞在最后一個(gè)詞上加“s ”
her brother-in-law's piano. Somebody else's books.(重要。
「金牌重點(diǎn)」除用于有生命的人外,“'s”格還可用于度量衡、地域、天體
及一些習(xí)語(yǔ)中:an hour's drive , a mile's journey ten pounds' weight,
Beijing's weather the earth's surface a stone's throw 投石之距離at one's
wits end智窮計(jì)盡to one's heart's content盡情地by a hair's breadth 千鈞
一發(fā)at a snail's pace 緩慢地
5.雙重所有格:如果被修飾的名詞前有不定冠詞、不定代詞、指示代詞、疑
問(wèn)代詞修飾。則要采用雙重所有格。
a friend of mine(名詞性物主代詞)
a child of hers the love poems of your sister's 注意區(qū)別:● a portrait
of her mother 她母親的畫(huà)像(畫(huà)中人)
● a portrait of her mother's 她母親擁有的畫(huà)像中的一幅(不一定是她
母親的畫(huà)像)
測(cè)試精編
1. Julie went to the ________ to buy a pair of shoes. A. shoes store
B. shoe's store C. shoe store D. shoes' store
2. As a safety precaution , all city cab drivers carry only enough
money to make change for a ________ bill. A. ten-dollar B. ten-dollars
C. tens-dollar D. ten-dollar's
3. Recently , he has lost all his ________ at cards. A. wage and
saving B. wages and saving C. wage and savings D. wages and savings
4. I want ________ . A. a dollar worth candy B. candy a dollar's worth
C. a dollar's worth of candy D. a dollar worth's candy
5.The surroundings a child grows up in usually ________ an effect
on his development. A. have B. had C. do D. has
(后設(shè)答案,大家不要偷看哦~ (*^__^*)嘻嘻……)
KEYS
1. C 2.A 3.D 4. C 5.A
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