1 ）代詞及be動詞主格 I we you you she/he/it they賓格 me us you you
her/him/it them 代詞所有格 my our your your her/his/its their 名詞性代
詞 mine ours yours yours hers/his/its theirs be 動詞現(xiàn)在時 Am are are
are is are be 動詞過去時 was were were were was were

    2 ）名詞的復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式規(guī)則1 一般情況+s e.g. shell →
shells toy→toys規(guī)則2 以s ， x， ch ， sh 結(jié)尾+es e.g. fox→foxes church
→churches規(guī)則3 以o 結(jié)尾s 或+es e.g. radio→radios potato →potatoes規(guī)
則4 以f ， fe 結(jié)尾的，變f ， fe 為ves e.g. life →lives half→halves規(guī)
則5 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾，變y 為i+es e.g. sky →skies study →studies

    3 ）動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式規(guī)則1 一般情況+s e.g. like-likes， look-looks
規(guī)則2 以s ， x， ch ， sh 結(jié)尾+es e.g. do-does， catch-catches規(guī)則3 以
輔音字母+y結(jié)尾，變y 為i+es e.g. carry-carries ， fly-flies

    4 ）動詞現(xiàn)在分詞規(guī)則1 一般動詞加-ing e.g. look-looking， read-reading，
play-playing規(guī)則2 以不發(fā)音的字母結(jié)尾的單詞去e 加-ing e.g. make-making ，
take-taking ， arrive-arriving規(guī)則3 重讀閉音節(jié)詞結(jié)尾，即單詞中只有一個
元音字母，其后緊跟一個輔音字母的詞，雙寫輔音字母再加-ing e. g. run-running，
sit-sitting ， get-getting， swim-swimming， stop-stopping

    5 ）動詞過去式

    規(guī)則動詞變化規(guī)則1 一般動詞加-ed e.g. look-looked， watch-watched，
play-played 規(guī)則2 以e 結(jié)尾的加-d e.g. make-maked， arrive-arrived 規(guī)則
3 以輔音字母加結(jié)尾的變y 為i 加-ed cry-cried ， carry-carried規(guī)則4 重讀
閉音節(jié)詞結(jié)尾，即單詞中只有一個元音字母，其后緊跟一個輔音字母的詞，雙寫
輔音字母再加-ed stop-stopped

    過去式的讀音在清輔音后面（除外）讀/t/ e.g. walked ， jumped 在濁輔
音和元音后讀/d/ e.g. washed ， watched在/t/ ，/d/ 后讀/id/ e.g. waited，
hated

    6 ）形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級

    比較級規(guī)則1 一般加-er e.g. high-higher規(guī)則2 以結(jié)尾加-r nice-nicer
規(guī)則3 以輔音字母加y 結(jié)尾，變y 為i 再加-er busy-busier 規(guī)則4 重讀閉音節(jié)
結(jié)尾，雙寫輔音字母再加-er fat-fatter

    最高級規(guī)則1 一般加-est e.g. high-highest規(guī)則2 以結(jié)尾加-st nice-nicet
規(guī)則3 以輔音字母加y 結(jié)尾，變y 為i 再加-est busy-busiest 規(guī)則4 重讀閉音
節(jié)結(jié)尾，雙寫輔音字母再加——est fat-fattest

    7 ）常見縮寫：is='s I am=I'm are='re is not=isn't /iznt/ are not=aren't
/a：nt/ do not=don't does not=doesn't was='s did not=didn't can not=can't
have='ve has='s have not=haven't has not=hasn't will='ll will not=won't
shall not=shan't