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后綴 一、名詞后綴 常見的此類后綴及其具體含義如下: 1.-ster,-eer,-er(or)意為:從事某種職業(yè)或參與某種活動的人(person engaged in an occupation or activity)例詞:gamester,gangster,songster,engineer,profiteer,mountaineer,auctioneer,driver,teacher,director,actor,professor 2.-let意為:小或者不重要的東西(small,unimportant things)例詞:booklet,leaflet,starlet 3.-ette意為:1)小的東西(small)例詞:cigarette2)假的東西(imitation)例詞:leatherette3)女性(female)例詞:usherette 4.-ess意為:女性(female)例詞:actress,poetess,hostess 5.-hood意為:時期(status;etc.)例詞:boyhood,childhood,manhood 6.-ship意為:才能,狀態(tài),資格,品質(zhì)等(skill,state,condition,status,quality)例詞:leadership,friendship,membership,lectureship,sportsmanship 7.-ful意為:量(the amount which noun contains)例詞:cupful,handful,mouthful,spoonful 8.-tion,-ion意為:1)狀態(tài),行動等(state;action;etc.)例詞:action,oppression,possession,education,starva-tion2)機(jī)構(gòu)等(institution;etc.)例詞:organization,foundation 9.-ment意為:狀態(tài),行動等(state;action;etc.)例詞:movement,enslavement,pavement 10.-al意為:動作(action)例詞:arrival,refusal,revival,recital,removal 11.-age意為:程度,數(shù)量等(extent;amount;etc.)例詞:wastage,coverage,acreage,shrinkage,breakage,hostage 12.-ness;-ity(ty)意為:狀態(tài),品質(zhì)(state;quality;etc.)例詞:happiness,usefulness,selfishness,kindness,rapidity,activity,sanity,changeability 13.-ism意為:道義,主義,學(xué)說等(doctrine of,practice of)例詞:idealism,impressionism,absenteeism,racism 二、動詞后綴 常見的此類后綴及其具體含義如下: 1.-ify意為:轉(zhuǎn)為,變?yōu)椋╰o turn into,to make or become)例詞:beautify,diversify,simplify 2.-ize;-en意為:使……,變得……(to make or become;to make into)例詞:modernize,popularize,legalize,hospitalize,symbolize,ripen,widen,heighten,threaten 3.-ate意為:增加,使……(give or add,make or become)例詞:originate,hydrogenate,validate,differentiate 三、形容詞后綴 常見的此類后綴及其具體含義如下: 1.-ful意為:充滿,有(full of;having;giving;etc.)例詞:useful,pitiful,hopeful,helpful,forgetful,thankful,fearful 2.-less意為:沒有,無(without;not giving)例詞:speechless,childless,harmless,hopeless,meaningless 3.-ly意為:有……品質(zhì)的(having the qualities of)例詞:beastly,manly,brotherly,friendly 4.-like意為:像……的(like)例詞:childlike,statesmanlike,tiger-like 5.-y;-ish意為:像……一般的(somewhat like)例詞:meaty,sandy,silky,hairy,leafy,watery,foolish,girlish,blackish,thinnish 6.-some意為:像……一樣的;引起……的;有……品質(zhì)的(like;causing;having the quality of)例詞:troublesome,burdensome,wholesome,tiresome,bothersome 7.-able(ible)意為:能……的;可以……的(able to be;capable)例詞:changeable,readable,drinkable,comfortable,expansible,convincible 8.-ed意為:有……的(having,etc.)例詞:wooded,pointed,moneyed,odd-shaped 9.-al意為:有……屬性的,……類型的(nature of,typical of)例詞:cultural,personal,regional,musical 10.-ary(ory)意為:屬于……的,與……相連的(belonging to;connected with)例詞:revolutionary,imaginary,contradictory 11.-ous意為:富含……的;有……品質(zhì)的;像……的(full of;having the quality of;like)例詞:glorious,erroneous,malicious,gracious 12.-ic(ical)意為:……類的;屬于……的(typical of;belonging to)例詞:historic,historical,methodic,methodical,dramatic,heroic 13.-ive意為:有……屬性的;有某種傾向的(having the nature or quality of;given or tending to)例詞:attractive,talkative,restrictive,defensive,preventive,constructive,sensitive 四、副詞后綴 常見的此類后綴及其具體含義如下: 1.-ly意為:以……方式(ina……manner;etc.) 例詞:happily,boldly,attentive-ly,strangely 2.-ward(s)意為:表示方式或動作的方向(manner and direction of movement)例詞:onward(s),backward(s),earthward(s),homeward(s),eastward(s) 3.-wise意為:1)按照……方式(in the manner of)例詞:crabwise,clockwise2)就……而言(as far as……is concerned)例詞:weather-wise,education-wise 詞性注解: n.名詞 v.動詞 pron.代詞 adj.形容詞 adv.副詞 num.數(shù)詞 art.冠詞 prep.介詞 conj.連詞 interj.感嘆詞 |
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