暑期實(shí)戰(zhàn) 2017考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解精練之美國(guó)企業(yè)

　　2017考研基礎(chǔ)階段復(fù)習(xí)快告一段了，考生們復(fù)習(xí)的怎么樣呢?你是復(fù)習(xí)不錯(cuò)買(mǎi)還是馬馬虎虎呢?正所謂真金不怕火來(lái)煉，讓實(shí)戰(zhàn)來(lái)說(shuō)話(huà)吧，為了方便考生對(duì)掌握自己復(fù)習(xí)情況，文都考研小編特意梳理了考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解方面的題目，讓大家在實(shí)戰(zhàn)中成長(zhǎng)，以下是暑期實(shí)戰(zhàn)：考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題目及答案解析：

　　考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解之美國(guó)企業(yè)：

　　Recent years have brought minority-owned businesses in the United States unprecedented opportunities — as well as new and significant risks. Civil rights activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks, Hispanics, and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies. Now Congress, in apparent agreement, has required by law that businesses awarded federal contracts of more than $500,000 do their best to find minority subcontractors and record their efforts to do so on forms filed with the government. Indeed, some federal and local agencies have gone so far as to set specific percentage goals for apportioning parts of public works contracts to minority enterprises.

　　Corporate response appears to have been substantial. According to figures collected in 1977, the total of corporate contracts with minority businesses rose from $77 million in 1972 to $1.1 billion in 1977. The projected total of corporate contracts with minority businesses for the early 1980’s is estimated to be over 53 billion per year with no letup anticipated in the next decade.

　　Promising as it is for minority businesses, this increased patronage poses dangers for them, too. First, minority firms risk expanding too fast and overextending themselves financially, since most are small concerns and, unlike large businesses, they often need to make substantial investments in new plants, staff, equipment, and the like in order to perform work subcontracted to them. If, thereafter, their subcontracts are for some reason reduced, such firms can face potentially crippling fixed expenses. The world of corporate purchasing can be frustrating for small entrepreneurs who get requests for elaborate formal estimates and bids. Both consume valuable time and resources, and a small company’s efforts must soon result in orders, or both the morale and the financial health of the business will suffer.

　　A second risk is that White-owned companies may seek to cash in on the increasing apportionments through formation of joint ventures with minority-owned concerns. Of course, in many instances there are legitimate reasons for joint ventures; clearly, White and minority enterprises can team up to acquire business that neither could acquire alone. But civil rights groups and minority business owners have complained to Congress about minorities being set up as “fronts” with White backing, rather than being accepted as full partners in legitimate joint ventures.

　　Third, a minority enterprise that secures the business of one large corporate customer often run the danger of becoming- and remaining-dependent. Even in the best of circumstances, fierce competition from larger, more established companies makes it difficult for small concerns to broaden their customer bases: when such firms have nearly guaranteed orders from a single corporate benefactor, they may truly have to struggle against complacency arising from their current success.

　　1. The primary purpose of the text is to

　　[A] present a commonplace idea and its inaccuracies.

　　[B] describe a situation and its potential drawbacks.

　　[C] propose a temporary solution to a problem.

　　[D] analyze a frequent source of disagreement.

　　2. The text suggests that the failure of a large business to have its bids for subcontracts result quickly in orders might causes it to

　　[A] experience frustration but not serious financial harm.

　　[B] face potentially crippling fixed expenses.

　　[C] have to record its efforts on forms filed with the government.

　　[D] increase its spending with minority subcontractors.

　　3. It can be inferred from the text that, compared with the requirements of law, the percentage goals set by “some federal and local agencies” (line 9, paragraph 1) are

　　[A] more popular with large corporations.

　　[B] more concrete.

　　[C] less controversial.

　　[D] less expensive to enforce.

　　4. Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the author’s assertion that, in the 1970’s, corporate response to federal requirements (line 1, paragraph 2) was substantial?

　　[A] Corporate contracts with minority-owned businesses totaled $2 billion in 1979.

　　[B] Between 1970 and 1972, corporate contracts with minority-owned businesses declined by 25 percent.

　　[C] The figures collected in 1977 underrepresented the extent of corporate contracts with minority-owned businesses.

　　[D] The $1.1 billion represented the same percentage of total corporate spending in 1977 as did $77 million in 1972.

　　5. The author would most likely agree with which of the following statements about corporate response to working with minority subcontractors?

　　[A] Annoyed by the proliferation of “front” organizations, corporations are likely to reduce their efforts to work with minority-owned subcontractors in the near future.

　　[B] Although corporations showed considerable interest in working with minority businesses in the 1970’s, their aversion to government paperwork made them reluctant to pursue many government contracts.

　　[C] The significant response of corporations in the 1970’s is likely to be sustained and conceivably be increased throughout the 1980’s.

　　[D] Although corporations are eager to cooperate with minority-owned businesses, a shortage of capital in the 1970’s made substantial response impossible.

　　答案及解析：

　　1、答案：B

　　考點(diǎn)解析：本題是一道中心主旨題。破解本題的關(guān)鍵在于考生是否完全理解本文第一段首句的內(nèi)容，尤其是第一句中破折號(hào)后面的內(nèi)容。破折號(hào)后面的內(nèi)容和選項(xiàng)B中的 “its potential drawbacks”是相互吻合的。望考生注意培養(yǎng)捕捉全文中心主旨句的能力。

　　2、答案：A

　　考點(diǎn)解析：這是一道邏輯思維上的反推題，也可以說(shuō)是逆向思維題。本題反推即逆向思維的信息依據(jù)在第三段的比較后一句。該句在談?wù)撔〉钠髽I(yè)，大概內(nèi)容是“……一個(gè)小企業(yè)的投資要馬上在定貨中反映出效果，否則其士氣和財(cái)政前景都將深受影響”。根據(jù)小的企業(yè)的狀況，我們可以推導(dǎo)出大的企業(yè)所面臨的處境。希望考生加強(qiáng)逆向思維即反推的解題能力。

　　3、答案：B

　　考點(diǎn)解析：本題是一道關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)的理解題目，其答案信息來(lái)源在第一段的尾句，原文當(dāng)中的 “specific”一詞是本題的答案所在�？忌�要加強(qiáng)對(duì)原文中重點(diǎn)形容詞和副詞的理解。

　　4、答案：D

　　考點(diǎn)解析：這是一道反論題。這種題的關(guān)鍵在于利用原文的信息否定原文所要表達(dá)的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。原文講“少數(shù)民族企業(yè)簽訂的合同金額由1972年的7700萬(wàn)美元升至1977年的11億美元”。原文所要表達(dá)的觀(guān)點(diǎn)是合同金額的增長(zhǎng)。選項(xiàng)D正是利用原文的信息否定了原文所要表達(dá)的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)D所表達(dá)的信息是變化增長(zhǎng)數(shù)字背后的不變。這種題屬于較難的題型，希望考生加以重視。

　　5、答案：C

　　考點(diǎn)解析：這是一道關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)理解題。本題的答案信息在第二段的尾句，句中 “letup”一詞決定了本題的正確答案是C，因?yàn)樵撛~的含義是“停頓，減弱”�？忌�在備考過(guò)程中要盡力擴(kuò)大自己的詞匯量。

　　以上是小編為大家梳理的考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解的題目及答案解析，希望對(duì)大家夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)復(fù)習(xí)有所幫助。文都考研小編提醒大家：考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解有很多做題技巧，考生要在不斷做題的過(guò)程中總結(jié)這些做題技巧，這樣自己對(duì)閱讀理解做題方法會(huì)更有體會(huì)。