2016考研英語大作文類型分析
主題句作文
1.寫作攻略
主題句作文也可以叫做段首句作文,要求考生將每段所給出主題句分別加以擴(kuò)展,完成段落,然后由段落組成文章。主題句作文是目前較常用的一種出題方式,它不像一般正規(guī)文章那樣要求具有開頭段和結(jié)尾段,一般只給出三句主題句,所以屬于一種簡單的三段式作文。在寫作這種題目的作文時,考生只要正確領(lǐng)悟每個主題句的意思,然后對每段的主題句進(jìn)行闡述,內(nèi)容應(yīng)當(dāng)展開,可以是對主題句的解釋,可以是例證,也可以提供理由或細(xì)節(jié)。
在對主題句進(jìn)行展開時,考生要學(xué)會如何取舍,有的觀點見解獨到或是非常精彩,但是在表達(dá)時會有問題,考生本身的英語水平可能無法把這個觀點表達(dá)清楚,這時應(yīng)該果斷地放棄這一觀點。因為考試要考生展現(xiàn)的是語言水平而不是思維的深度,考生在寫作時應(yīng)該盡量少暴露自己在語言上的不足。
2.必背模版句型
As far as I am concerned, I believe that....
至于我,我相信……
Now it is widely acknowledged that.... But I wonder whether....
目前大家廣泛認(rèn)為……但我覺得……
A close inspection of this argument would reveal how flimsy (groundless) it is.
仔細(xì)想想這個問題就會發(fā)現(xiàn)它其實毫無根據(jù)。
In all the discussion and debate over..., one important fact is generally overlooked / neglected.
在所有就……的討論中,有一點總是被忽略。
There are a number of ways for us to keep fit. First,... Second ...Finally ...
有很多方法可以使我們保持健康。第一……,第二……,比較后……
One of the reasons given for...is that.... What is also worth noticing is that...
關(guān)于……的其中一個原因是……,另外……也值得我們注意。
Why are (is / do / did)...? For one thing, .... For another, ....
為什么會……?一方面……另一方面……
Taking into account of all these factors, we may reach the conclusion that ....
考慮到所有這些因素,我們可以得出……的結(jié)論。
A number of further facts may be added...
這些的例子還可以列舉很多……
Television is more than just an electronic appliance; it is a means of expression, as well
as a vehicle for communication, and as such becomes a powerful tool for reaching other human beings.
電視不僅僅是一件電器;它是表達(dá)的手段和交流的載體,并因此成為聯(lián)系他人的有力工具。
Television, the most pervasive and persuasive of modern technologies, marked by rapid change and growth, is moving into a new era, an era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility,which promises to reshape our lives and our world.
電視,這項以迅速變化和成長為標(biāo)志的比較普及和比較有影響力的現(xiàn)代技術(shù),正在步入一個新時代,一個極為成熟和多樣化的時代,這將重塑我們的生活和世界。
The greater the population there is in a locality, the greater the need there is for water,transportation, and disposal of refuse.
一個地方的人口越多,對其水、交通和垃圾處理的需求就會越大。
Adler is correct in his assertion that education does not end with graduation.
阿得勒的這句話很正確,教育不能隨著畢業(yè)而結(jié)束。
With the opening and reform policy being carried out, thousands upon thousands of foreign visitors are crowding into our country. They are eager to see this old mysterious land with a splendid culture of more than 5,000 years.
隨著改革開放政策的貫徹執(zhí)行,數(shù)以萬計的外國游人涌入中國。他們渴望參觀這個有著五千多年燦爛文化的神秘古國。
On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.
我們絕對不能忽視知識的價值。
There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem: we should take strong measures to deal with it.
無可否認(rèn),空氣污染是一個極其嚴(yán)重的問題:我們應(yīng)該采取有力措施來解決它。
In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures should be taken before things get worse.
考慮到問題的嚴(yán)重性,在事態(tài)進(jìn)一步惡化之前,必須采取有效的措施。
3.必背經(jīng)典范文
Title: The Computer
(1) The computer is a wonderful machine.
(2) Computers play an important role in our life.
(3) However,many scientists don't think that computers will replace human beings completely.
The Computer
The computer is a wonderful machine. The invention of computers has greatly changed the way of our living, and is an important event in human history.
Today it is used a great deal in various fields. Especially, it is useful in automatic control and data processing. And there is great tendency for the use of computer not only in offices but home as well.
Computers play an important role in our life. They can do most of things people can do. They can give you information on buying and selling things. Provide you with suggestion of how to deal with certain illness and how to solve the problems you are faced with. There is no doubt that people can live much easier with the help of the computers.
However,many scientists don't think that computers will replace human beings completely.No matter how clever they may become, computers are no more that an extension for human brain.It is human being who controls them.
題目:計算機
(1)計算機是非常好的機器。
(2)計算機在我們的生活中起著很大的作用。
(3)但是,很多科學(xué)家認(rèn)為計算機不可能代替人類。
譯文
計算機
計算機是非常好的機器。計算機的發(fā)明改變了我們的生活方式,是人類歷史上的一件大事。
今天很多領(lǐng)域都用到了計算機,尤其是在自動化和資料處理方面。計算機已經(jīng)不僅在辦公室使用,而且越來越多的計算機走進(jìn)了家庭。
計算機在我們的生活中起著很大的作用。人類做的事情它都可以做。計算機可以提供買賣的信息、可以為我們提供治療某些疾病的信息,幫助我們解決問題。有了計算機的幫忙,生活變的更加容易。
但是,很多科學(xué)家認(rèn)為計算機不可能代替人類。不論它們怎么聰明,計算機永遠(yuǎn)都是人腦的延伸,只能受人類的控制。
提綱作文
1.寫作攻略
提綱式作文中,為考生提供了題目和一個簡單的寫作提綱,從而將考生的寫作控制在一定范圍內(nèi)。這類作文只要考查的內(nèi)容一般包括:說明主題、分析原因或解釋做法。作文題目中會提供:(1)標(biāo)題;(2)提綱;(3)起始句。標(biāo)題限定短文的基本發(fā)展方向,提綱規(guī)定短文的基本框架,起始句則提供短文的起點。考生應(yīng)緊扣題目主題,并根據(jù)提綱提示的思路和要點展開段落。由于提供的寫作提綱一般也為三段,所以考生也可以按照三段式作文將簡單的提綱展為主題句,再按照主題句作文的寫作方法將文章寫成。
寫提綱作文時的具體步驟:
(1)認(rèn)真研究所給提綱
考生要仔細(xì)領(lǐng)會提綱的含義,不能遺漏提綱要點,更不能錯誤理解提綱的意思。
(2)確定各段的主題句
考生應(yīng)根據(jù)所給提綱寫出各段的主題句,合格的主題句應(yīng)具備以下要點:
☆意義完整
主題句結(jié)構(gòu)要完整,即結(jié)構(gòu)符合語法規(guī)則;意義要完整,即主題句是一個符合邏輯的完整句子。
☆表意清晰
主題句要清晰明確,不能使用意思含混的詞語或句子。
☆內(nèi)容具體
主題句的內(nèi)容要明確具體,利于段落的展開。
☆用詞貼切
主題句一定要用詞準(zhǔn)確,簡明達(dá)意,為段落的拓展打好基礎(chǔ)。
(3)逐步展開段落
段落寫作應(yīng)圍繞自己列好的主題句進(jìn)行,在寫作過程中可稍加調(diào)整。
(4)檢查與修改
檢查考題所給提綱是否完整且準(zhǔn)確地被表達(dá)于文章之中,如有偏差,應(yīng)做出相應(yīng)的修改。
2.必背模版句型
Itisoftensaidthat...
我們經(jīng)常這么說……
Itgoeswithoutsayingthat...
毫無疑問……
Itcanbeeasilyprovedthat...
……很容易被證明。
One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is...
與以上一點同樣重要的是……
I am of the opinion that...
我支持……
The chief reason why ...is that ...
之所以……的主要原因是……
To take...for an example (instance) ...
把……作為一個例子
According to a latest study, it can be predicted...
比較近的研究預(yù)測……
Another special consideration in this case is that ...
關(guān)于這件事還有一點值得考慮,那就是……
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to...
這也許對,但關(guān)于……我們?nèi)匀挥幸粋問題。
Besides, we should not neglect that...
另外,我們不應(yīng)該忽視……
Therefore, these findings reveal the following information...
因此,這些發(fā)現(xiàn)揭示了以下信息……
On account of this we can find that ...
據(jù)此我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)……
Wonderful as A is, however, it has its own disadvantages too.
盡管 A 很優(yōu)秀,但它也有自身的缺陷。
Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned...
在所有可信賴的理由中,有一個值得一提……
Currently there is a widespread concern that...
目前,對于……普遍關(guān)注。
There is no immediate solution to the problem of ..., but ...might be helpful.
關(guān)于解決……沒有快速的辦法,但……可能會有作用。
All available evidence points to the fact that...
所有的證據(jù)證明……
No one can deny the fact that...
沒人能否定……這個事實。
Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclusion that...
考慮到所有這些因素,我們可以做出這樣的結(jié)論……
3. 必背經(jīng)典范文
Directions:
Write an article on Changes on State-owned Houses and Private Houses of China. In your article you should
(1) the present situation
(2) the possible causes
(3) its impact
Ownership of Houses in Beijing
Ownership of houses in Beijing has significantly changed in recent years. In 1990, 75 percent of the houses were state owned. but in 1995, the ratio of state-owned houses to private ones was 60 to 40. And the ownership changed dramatically since 1995 and by the end of the century, 80 percent of houses were private.
There might have been two main reasons. One of the reasons was the policy of the government.
In the 1990s, China carried on with its reform policy and the government called for privatization of the sate-owned estate. But it took time for the reform to come into effect. But from 1995 on when people have recognized its significance, the reformation took bigger steps. Another reason was that the people were getting better off and they could afford buying their own houses.
Such changes have had great impact on individuals as well as the society. On one hand, the individuals must save money to buy an apartment or to pay the mortgage. On the other hand, a heaven burden has been taken off the government so that it can take more effective measures to improve people's life.
題目:就中國公房和私房的變化寫一篇短文。你的短文應(yīng)該包括:
(1)目前的現(xiàn)狀
(2)可能產(chǎn)生的原因
(3)相關(guān)影響
譯文
北京房屋所有權(quán)
比較近幾年,北京房屋的所有權(quán)發(fā)生了很大的變化。1990年,75%的房屋都是公房。到了1995年,這一數(shù)字就變成了60%。自1995年起,所有權(quán)發(fā)生了很大的變化,到本世紀(jì)末私房數(shù)量已經(jīng)達(dá)到80%。
可能的原因有兩個。其中一個原因是政府的政策。90年代,中國開始了改革政策,政府呼吁房產(chǎn)私有化。但改革需要時間才能顯現(xiàn)成果。到1995年人們意識到這一政策的意義,改革的作用向前邁了一步。另一個原因是人們的生活越來越好有能力購房。
這樣的變化對國家和個人都有很大的影響。一方面,個人必須存錢或貸款買房。另一方面,政府的壓力減輕后可以實施更好的措施來改善人們的生活。
規(guī)定情景作文
1.寫作攻略
規(guī)定情景作文也是一種控制性非常強的作文出題方式。一般不提供具體標(biāo)題,僅僅規(guī)定一定的情景,考生必須從情景信息中找出所寫文章的中心思想,并在此基礎(chǔ)上確定文章的標(biāo)題和段落結(jié)構(gòu)。在寫作過程中,考生應(yīng)按照情景中規(guī)定的范圍和條件并結(jié)合自己的知識和經(jīng)歷來休會、構(gòu)思和發(fā)展段落,但不能脫離情景任意發(fā)揮。并且要注意文章必須合乎邏輯情理,段落之間的銜接要連貫和自然。規(guī)定情景題型寫作要點:
(1)規(guī)定情景寫作要求考生在題目規(guī)定的情景內(nèi)展開構(gòu)思和組織內(nèi)容。
(2)仔細(xì)審題?忌欢ㄒ宄}目所提供的情景,是說明還是論證,是敘事還是寫景。
(3)確定段落與主題句。主題句為一個完整的句子,用以概括、敘述和說明該段的主題。一般放在段首。
使用主題句,文章結(jié)構(gòu)會變得有條理,同時也使考生對自己所要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容有更具體的把握。
(4)逐步展開段落。確定主題句,考生便可以圍繞主題句,展開段落,完成全文的寫作。段落的展開應(yīng)該建立在段落情景基礎(chǔ)之上,每段的重點都應(yīng)集中于描述情景規(guī)定內(nèi)容。
(5)考生的所用的每一個詞句都應(yīng)緊扣情景,突出重點,前后連貫,表達(dá)清楚,符合邏輯。
(6)明確題型種類。情景寫作可根據(jù)內(nèi)容寫成不同文體,如記敘文、論說文、書信報告等,故考生應(yīng)該注意靈活運用相應(yīng)文體的寫作方法與技巧。
(7)認(rèn)真檢查與修改?忌鷳(yīng)重點檢查是否完全準(zhǔn)確地包含了情景所要求的各項內(nèi)容,是否有與情景相;虿幌嚓P(guān)的內(nèi)容。如果一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)有出入,要及時修改。
2.必背模版句型
...isbecomingaseriousproblem.Thisisbecause...
……已經(jīng)變得越來越嚴(yán)重,是因為……
If possible, one may.... There are many examples of ...
如果可能,一個人可以。有很多……的例子。
I never think... is a waste of time and money because, it is something that I truly wanted
in my life.
我不認(rèn)為……只是浪費時間和金錢,因為這是我生活中真正需要的。
Further more ... is the by-product of..., so we should...
進(jìn)一步地說,……是……的副產(chǎn)品,所以我們應(yīng)該……
As for me, this should not be...
對于我來說,這不應(yīng)該是……
To be frank, I would like to support...
坦白的說,我想支持……
Personally, I would prefer...
我個人比較傾向于……
Yet diffriences will be found,that's why I feel that...
然而分歧依然還在,這也是我為什么覺得……
We have no reason to believe that...
我們沒有理由相信……
It is one thing to insist that... , it is quite another to show that ...
堅持……是一回事,表明……是另外一回事。
Recently the issue of... has been brought to public attention.
目前……的事情被廣泛關(guān)注。
It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on...
已經(jīng)到了我們必須對……予以重視的時候了。
Aside from that, all laws and regulations against the pollution should be forcefully implemented.
除此之外,一切關(guān)于防止污染的法律法規(guī)都應(yīng)該強制執(zhí)行。
For now the world has a more urgent mission: to stop the planet from overheating, and do it in a hurry.
眼下,世界正面臨著一個更迫切的使命:必須立即行動,防止地球繼續(xù)升溫。
Over the past decade, the issue of... has risen to the top of the agenda.
在過去的十年中,關(guān)于……的問題已經(jīng)提到了首位。
3. 必背經(jīng)典范文
Directions: it is generally acknowledged that families are now not as close as they used to be. Give possible reasons and your recommendations.
There is much discussion nowadays as to whether or not the relationship between family members is close or not. Lots of factors can be identified. Hereby I would like to present my point of view.
Great changes have taken place in family life with the development of society. One of them is that the traditional family is becoming smaller and smaller. Many children have to leave their parents at an early age to study or work elsewhere. As time passes, they become emotionally estranged from their parents.
In addition, the availability of various kinds of entertainment also diverts people from enjoying chats with the family members. Their free time is mostly occupied by seeing films, surfing the internet or playing computer games. Thus they have no interest in communicating with the other members of their families.
In view of such alienation within families, I believe that urgent steps must be taken. Regular contact on the phone can bring care to those who live away from each other. Family reunions on holidays or other important occasions can make a difference as well. In a word, a close family relationship can surely be maintained as long as we realize the significant role it plays in our lives and attach importance to it.
題目:現(xiàn)在家庭之間的關(guān)系不再像過去那樣親密了。說明這一現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因,并提出自己的建議。
譯文
如今,對于“現(xiàn)在家庭之間的關(guān)系是否像以前那樣親密”存在很多爭議。這里面有很多因素。這里我將闡述一下自己的觀點。
隨著社會的發(fā)展,家庭生活發(fā)生了巨大的變化。過去的那種大家庭現(xiàn)在變得越來越小了。許多孩子在很小的時候就不得不離開家出去學(xué)習(xí)或工作。時間長了,孩子在感情上和父母就疏遠(yuǎn)了。
而且,各種各樣的娛樂方式也減少了人們和家人聊天的機會。他們把大部分的自由時間都用來看電影、上網(wǎng)或玩網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲。人們對于和其他成員在一塊交流失去了興趣。
面對家庭的這種傾向,我認(rèn)為必須立即采取一些措施。打個電話就可以讓住的較遠(yuǎn)的親人感受到彼此的愛。假日或其他重要場合的家庭聚會也會拉近彼此之間的距離?傊灰覀円庾R到家庭對生活的重要性,高度重視它,那么,親密的家庭關(guān)系還是可以建立起來的。
圖表作文
1.寫作攻略
圖表作文是考研英語寫作中較為常見的題型之一,也是難度較大的一種寫作題型。這類作文可綜合提供題目、數(shù)據(jù)、圖像、提綱,形式多樣,但實際上只涉及 5個方面:描述圖表、指明寓意、分析原因、聯(lián)系實際、給出建議,而每次考試只是從這 5 個方面的內(nèi)容中選出 3 個結(jié)合在一起。從寫作類型來看,基本上屬于說明文。要求考生圍繞題目將有關(guān)信息轉(zhuǎn)化為文字形式,考生應(yīng)該具有一定數(shù)據(jù)分析和材料歸納的能力,同時會運用一定的寫作方法?佳性囶}一般以三段式寫作方法來組織文章,第一段總結(jié)歸納信息反映的整體情況,點出主題思想,第二段回答第一段所得出的問題,對數(shù)字、數(shù)據(jù)等做出有條理的分析比較,第三段做出總結(jié)或給以簡單的評論。表格和圖表題型寫作要點:
(1)考生應(yīng)仔細(xì)研究題目以及提示信息,認(rèn)清圖表中的數(shù)字、線條、陰影等部分的變化趨勢和走向,抓住其主要特點,然后根據(jù)圖表所顯示的中心信息確定內(nèi)容層次以及主題句。
(2)考生應(yīng)該仔細(xì)研究圖表所給出的大量信息,從中選取比較重要,比較有代表性的信息,然后根據(jù)全文的主旨去組織運用所獲取的關(guān)鍵信息。切忌簡單地羅列圖表所給出的信息。
(3)圖表作文一般采用的時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時,但如果圖表中給出了具體時間參照,考生則應(yīng)對時態(tài)進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。
(4)圖表作文有一些固定句型和表達(dá)法,考生應(yīng)對此融會貫通。
(5)圖表作文可以細(xì)分為表格,曲線圖、柱形圖和餅形圖。除了上述共同要點,考生還應(yīng)了解這四種圖在寫作方面的不同特點。
—— 表格可以表示多種事物的相互關(guān)系,所以考生要對表格中所給出的大量數(shù)字進(jìn)行比較分析,從中找出其變化規(guī)律。
—— 曲線圖常表示事物的變化趨勢,考生應(yīng)認(rèn)真觀察坐標(biāo)系所顯示的數(shù)據(jù)信息,并且密切注意交匯在坐標(biāo)橫軸和縱軸上的數(shù)字及單位。
—— 柱形圖用來表示各種事物的變化情況及相互關(guān)系,要求考生通過寬度相等的柱形的高度或長度差別來判斷事物的動態(tài)發(fā)展趨勢,因此考生應(yīng)密切關(guān)注坐標(biāo)線上的刻度單位及圖表旁邊的提示說明與文字。
—— 餅形圖表示各事物在總體中所占的比例及相互關(guān)系,旨在要求考生準(zhǔn)確理解并闡述一個被分割成大小不等切片的餅形圖所傳達(dá)的信息?忌鷳(yīng)清楚掌握部分與整體,部分與部分之間的相互關(guān)系,這種關(guān)系通常是以百分比的數(shù)字形式給出的。
(6)列出各段主題句。考生可以根據(jù)所給提綱或已知信息列出每段的主題句,為全文的展開做好鋪墊。
(7)圍繞主題句完成段落的展開。盡量做到主題明確、條理清楚、文字簡練。
(8)檢查與修改。對圖表作文的檢查與修改應(yīng)著重看文章中所列舉的信息是否與圖表所顯示的信息一致,資料是否恰當(dāng)。
2.必背模版句型
As can be seen from/in the chart/diagram/table/graph...
從表格/圖形中我們可以看到……
The table shows a three times increase over that of last year.
表格顯示比去年上升了 3倍。
According to /As is shown in the Table /Figure/Chart...
如表格/圖表中顯示……
The number is 5 times as much as that of...
此數(shù)字是……的 5 倍。
It has increased by three times as compared with that of ...
同……相比,增長了 3 倍。
It can be seen from the chart/diagram/table/graph/figures/statistics that...
從表格/圖表/數(shù)據(jù)中我們可以看到……
From the table/figures/data/results/information above, it can/may be
seen/concluded/shown/estimated/calculated/inferred that...
從以上的表格/圖表/數(shù)據(jù)/結(jié)果/信息中,我們可以看到/總結(jié)/預(yù)測/計算/得出……
A has the highest sales figure in the three departments, followed by B and C.
在 3 個部門中,A 的銷售額比較高,其次是 B 和C。
The figure of A is about twice as much as that of B.
A 的數(shù)字是B 的兩倍。
The rise lasted for two weeks and then began to level off in August.
上升兩個星期后,8 月份開始平穩(wěn)。
It accounts for 30% of the total population.
占到總?cè)丝诘?30%。
The number of students has reached 500, indicating a rise of 20%, compared to last semester.
學(xué)生人數(shù)達(dá)到 500 人,與上個學(xué)期相比上升了 20%。
It picked up speed at the end of this month.
這個月底加快了速度。
The pie charts show the changes on... in some place in 2000.
此餅形圖顯示了 2000 年一些地方……的變化。
from this year on,there was a gradual declined reduction in the..., reaching a figure of...
從這年起,……逐漸下降至……
There are a lot of similarities/differences between...and...
……與……之間有許多相似(不同)之處
It can be drawn from the chart that the proportions of A and B are going down, though the falling level of the latter is a lot lower/higher than that of the former.
盡管 B 的下降速度比A 要慢/快,從表中我們可以看到 A和 B 的比例都在下降。
The increase/decrease is more noticeable during the second half of the 5 year period.
在 5 年期限的后半段,增長/降低比較明顯。
It falls from 50% in 2000 to 30% in 2004, and then the trend reverse, finishing at 58% in 2005.
從 2000 年的 50%降到2004 年的 30%,然后形勢逆轉(zhuǎn),2005 年達(dá)到了58%。
The table shows the changes in the number of...over the period from...to...
該表格描述了在……年之……年間……數(shù)量的變化。
As can be seen from the graph, the two curves show the fluctuation of...
如圖所示,兩條曲線描述了……的波動情況。
3.必背經(jīng)典范文
Directions: the table below shows the number of road accidents which occurred in Britain in different places and the ages of the injured persons. Write a report describing the information shown below.
The chart above organizes data about road accidents involving children in Britain by and by when and where the accidents occurred. It can be seen that the incidence of accidents decreases as the children's age increase and that age correlates with the circumstances surrounding the accident.
For all ages, the most common situation leading to accident is playing in the street but young children were particularly affected. Children between the ages of 5-7 seemed to get into accidents while engaged in activities appropriate to their age, such as shopping for their parents or going home from school. In fact, this age group accounted for the most road accidents of all. Children between 8 and age 11 had the most accidents cycling in the street. After age 11, the number of accidents dropped considerably in all situations.
From the chart, we get to know that playing in the street is the most common and universal site of accidents of all ages, but the risks that other sites and situations present vary with the children's ages.
題目:表格給出了英國在不同地點和不同年齡段的人所發(fā)生的交通事故。請描述一下這個表格。
譯文
上面的圖表中的數(shù)據(jù)反映了英國不同年齡段的孩子在不同地點發(fā)生交通事故的情況。我們可以看到隨著年齡的增長,孩子出現(xiàn)交通事故的次數(shù)在不斷下降,而且年齡段與發(fā)生事故的地點也有關(guān)系。
就所有的年齡段看,比較容易出現(xiàn)事故的情況是在馬路上玩耍,尤其是對那些年齡小的孩子。處在 5 至7 歲之間的孩子在做適合他們年齡段的事情時,比如替父母上街買東西,或者從學(xué);丶,也很容易出事。
事實上,這個年齡段的孩子發(fā)生事故比較多。8 至 11 歲的孩子在街上騎車比較容易發(fā)生事故。11 歲以后,在所有場合的事故發(fā)生都有所減少。
從表中我們知道,對所有的年齡段的孩子來說,在馬路上玩耍都是比較容易發(fā)生事故的,但是其他情況的危險性則隨著年齡的變化而不同。
圖畫作文
1.寫作攻略
圖畫作文是較難的題型之一,近幾年考研英語寫作試題均為圖畫題型,因此考生應(yīng)該特別認(rèn)真地對待。
這類題一般要求考生仔細(xì)看圖,根據(jù)題目要求寫成自己的作文。實際上,圖畫作文也可以當(dāng)作三段式的提綱作文來寫。第一段用來描述圖畫并揭示其寓意(寓意一般用一句話來概括就可以),第二段分析原因,比較后一段發(fā)表評論或提出建議,其中第二、三段應(yīng)該是寫作的重點。面對此類題型,考生應(yīng)首先確定主題,然后再動筆。具體寫作要點:
(1) 仔細(xì)研究作文指令,弄清楚作文的要求,是否有標(biāo)題?是否有提綱?然后從題目中找出中心詞,分析修飾詞,準(zhǔn)確地抓住題目的中心思想。
(2)認(rèn)真解讀圖畫,因為圖畫是作文的信息基礎(chǔ)?忌鷳(yīng)對圖畫進(jìn)行全面而細(xì)致的研究,尤其要注意圖畫中人或物(人與物)的體貌表情特征和背景,確定人物之間,人物與背景之間的主要關(guān)系,以便正確掌握圖畫所傳達(dá)的信息。
(3)如果圖畫以系列形式(既兩幅以上)出現(xiàn),考生除需掌握每一幅圖畫的信息外,還應(yīng)該對圖畫之間的相互聯(lián)系有所理解,在整體上把握圖畫所傳達(dá)的信息。
(4)面對圖畫作文,考生應(yīng)該展開合理而豐富的聯(lián)想,用生動恰當(dāng)?shù)难赞o抒發(fā)自己對圖畫的所思、所想、所感。
(5)注意圖畫作文中的文字說明。文字說明非常重要,通常十分清楚地提供一些寫作要點,考生在看說明時要看清主、謂、賓,正確理解說明的意義。
(6)草擬提綱,合理組織材料。根據(jù)圖畫內(nèi)容的不同采用不同的段落發(fā)展方式。如圖畫式作文寫作多要求進(jìn)行描寫圖畫。對于漫畫式寫作,漫畫描寫本身并不重要,但文章的寓意卻要力求準(zhǔn)確,不要拖泥帶水。
(7)系統(tǒng)且突出地展開段落。展開段落要根據(jù)畫面內(nèi)容進(jìn)行,比較好能圍繞每一段的主題句進(jìn)行。
(8)檢查與修改?忌鷳(yīng)重點檢查圖畫內(nèi)容是否準(zhǔn)確地被表達(dá)出來,題目所給提示是否完整地反映在文章之中。如果存在與畫面不相符的內(nèi)容,或未能完全涵蓋題目所給提示,考生應(yīng)對文章做出相應(yīng)修訂。
2.必背模版句型
As is described in the picture...
這幅圖描述了……
The purpose of the picture is to show us that...
這幅圖的目的是為了給我們展示……
We can deduce form this picture that...
從這幅圖中我們可以推斷……
The picture indicates / conveys the meaning that
這幅圖指出/傳達(dá)……
More and more people have come to realize...
越來越多的人已經(jīng)意識到……
Now it is commonly held that... but I doubt whether...
現(xiàn)在大家都普遍認(rèn)為……,但我懷疑……
As is shown in the picture, we can see clearly the relationship between... and ...
從圖中我們可以清楚的看到……和……的關(guān)系。
No wonder most see the problem of... as that of ... rather than that of...
難怪大多數(shù)人把……看成……的問題,而不是……的問題。
Anyone with the least common sense knows that...
稍微有點常識的人都知道……
There is much discussion today about...
現(xiàn)在人們都在熱烈地討論……
Thanks to..., more and more...
由于……越來越多的……
As more and more people..., much attention should be placed on...
由于越來越多的人……,所以人們應(yīng)該重視……
If such measures were not taken, the problem of... would have been more serious.
如果不采取這些措施,……的問題就會更加嚴(yán)重。
On the surface/At first thought it may seem a sound /an attractive/ suggestion /solution /
idea, but careful weighing on the mind /on closer analysis / on second thought, we find that ...
表面上/第一眼看上去似乎是一個非常好的想法,但仔細(xì)一想/分析,我們卻發(fā)現(xiàn)……
Another reason why I dispute the above statement is that ...
我之所以反對以上論點還有一個原因……
Unless there is a common realization of ..., it is very likely that ...
除非大家普遍意識到……,否則很可能……
No easy method can be at hand to solve the problem of ..., but the common recognition of the necessity of ... might be the first step towards change in the right direction.
解決……問題并不容易,但認(rèn)識到……的必要性是向正確方向發(fā)展的第一步。
3.必背經(jīng)典范文
Directions: study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should
1) describe the drawing,
2) interpret its implications, and
3) give your comments.
As is decribed in the picture, a middle aged man holds a plate with a bowl, a pair of chopsticks, and a jar of nourishment, murmuring “to live well up to the 22nd century, it is really helpful to build up good health with nourishments.”His face is as dull as dead water, his tongue is stuck out of his mouth and his posture is strange, knees bent, leaning forward.
This cartoon points out a serious problem which needs to be taken seriously: “What is a positive attitude towards nourishment?” Misconception prevails nowadays all over the world that nourishment can make the weak strong and the sick healthy. For those who believe in this kind of theory, such omnipotent nourishment is all cures.So they take this kind of magical nourishment excessively. However, this is far from the truth. Taking nourishment to ensure your health is nothing but an illusion. Moreover, a great amount of fake nourishment is flooded with in the markets, which will thus deteriorate your health after continual use.
From the analysis above we can easily draw a conclusion: a wish is a wish, no matter how sweet it is. A good wish, however,don't mean a real life! In reality, life blooms with doing exerceses and taking part in sports. Besides, proper diets are also a rewarded way to keep you fit and healthy.
Give up the idea of “more nourishment and more health” and you will build a muscular body in the long run.
題目:仔細(xì)觀察這幅圖,寫一篇短文。你的短文應(yīng)該包括:
1)描述這幅圖
2)解釋它的含義
3)闡述你自己的觀點
譯文
圖中,一個中年男子端著一個盤子,盤子中有一個碗,一雙筷子和一瓶補品。他的嘴里念念有詞:“要活到 22 世紀(jì)還真得補一補!”他的臉像一杯白開水,舌頭伸在嘴外,他的姿勢更奇怪,雙膝彎曲,身體前傾。
這幅漫畫揭示了一個必須認(rèn)真對待的嚴(yán)重的問題“對待營養(yǎng)的正確態(tài)度是什么?”目前,全世界都存在著這樣的誤解,大家認(rèn)為補品可以使體質(zhì)虛弱的人變強壯,生病的人變健康。那些相信這種理論的人,把這種全效補品當(dāng)成萬能藥。但這并不是真理?砍匝a品來維持健康只是個幻想。另外,市場上有很多假冒的補品,如果長期食用會對身體有害。
從上面的分析我們可以得出:希望永遠(yuǎn)都是希望,不管它多么的美好。良好的愿望并不代表真正的生活。事實上,只有多鍛煉參加體育運動才能強身健體。另外,完善的飲食也是保持健康的一個好方法。放棄“多吃補品就會健康”的想法,你將從長遠(yuǎn)角度擁有一個強健的身體。
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