考研英語作文高分秘籍：練好“逗號六式”

　　熟悉考研英語的同學(xué)都應(yīng)該知道，英語作文采用的是總體評分法，作文評卷老師主要憑借總體印象打分，而我國老師評卷時往往看重的是語言。因此語言的順暢、優(yōu)美直接影響到實際作文分數(shù)的高低。鑒于不少考生英語作文寫作語言生硬平淡、單調(diào)乏味、缺少變通。本文將結(jié)合往屆考研作文，跨考考研英語教研室張老師從標點符號這一常被大家忽略的方面破解考研高分作文的機密，并為總結(jié)出“逗號六式”的使用方法，希望能對廣大考生寫作時提高語言表達有所裨益。

　　第一式：非限制性定語從句的試用

　　1.Nomadays,the call for quality-oriented education is becoming widesperad and the drawbacks of testoriented education,which have aroused great concern throughout China,are becoming increasingly apparent.

　　2.The shar pcontrast hinges on the Protection of the greenhouse，which determines in a large measure the life and death ofthe lovely flower.

　　3.This trend began during the Second World War，when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generaly be foreseen in detail

　　逗號前后是我們寫作時構(gòu)造復(fù)雜多變、精彩生動句子結(jié)構(gòu)的突破口。上述三例中我們合理巧妙地運用了非限制性定語從句，使前后兩個分句有機地連接起來，顯得連貫、自然。例1用關(guān)系代詞which (非限制性定語從句不能用that)代替逗號前整個分句的意思。這樣就把原本要用兩個句子來表達的信息通過定語從句壓縮為一個主從復(fù)合句，顯得簡潔、不羅嗉。例2用關(guān)系代詞which代替逗號前先行詞the green house，通過非限制性定語從句進一步說明溫室對于鮮花存活的重要性。例3中逗號前先行詞是表時間，因此用關(guān)系代詞when引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，將主要信息移置逗號之后，取得“尾重”或“末尾聚焦(end—weight)”的效果。其實考生們對于非限制性定語從句的用法不可謂不熟，但可能就是缺乏用多種手段銜接分句的意識。

　　第二式：非謂語動詞做狀語的使用

　　1.By contrast，when removed from the greenhouse，the protective umbrella，it struggles helplessly against the sudden attack of storms，only tO wither away.

　　2.Parents are too eager to mold their kids,disregarding their individuality with a callous attitude toward their personal development.

　　3.School—age children are often seen carring bulging bags on their backs,weighed down on their way to and form school every day.

　　非謂語動詞有四種變現(xiàn)形式，即動詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞和動名詞。利用這幾種非謂語動詞形式(動名詞不能做狀語除外)做狀語，能很好地突出信息，取得信息“末尾聚焦(end—weight)”的效果。例1用only加動詞不定式表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，做結(jié)果狀語。從而將備受溺愛的孩子們不更世事、不堪一擊的慘狀和盤托出。例2用現(xiàn)在分詞做結(jié)果狀語，表示一種必然的發(fā)展趨勢，即結(jié)果在意料之中。例3用過去分詞做伴隨狀語，將飽受應(yīng)試教育摧殘的學(xué)齡兒童那苦不堪言的情形栩栩如生地勾勒了出來，辛辣的嘲諷宛然可見。當然這幾種非謂語動詞形式也可放在逗號前面一分句或句子中間，如

　　4.Weighing boththese arguments.I can cometOthe conclusionthatthereis no need tO take SO drastic a step as doing away with this custom.(現(xiàn)在分詞做時間狀語)

　　5.An old peasant，bringing his own food，volunteered as a guide for US.(現(xiàn)在分詞做伴隨狀語)

　　非謂語動詞做狀語到底放在前還是放在后似乎沒有絕對的要求。但一般來說，做伴隨狀語時可前可后做原因狀語時放在前面較多，間或放在后面;做時間狀語時一般放在句子前，做結(jié)果狀語時一般放在后半分句，做條件狀語時一般放在前面分句，等等。

　　第三式：同位語或插入語的使用

　　1. AS iS distinct from above，the number“13”.along-held symbol of ominous.ness in the eyes of most westerners，seems tO be plaguing them.

　　2. By contrast，when removed from the greenhouse，the protective umbrella，it struggles helplessly against the sudden attack of storms，only tO wither away.

　　3.Specifically，the number…6’，as they strongly believe，is closely associated with smoothness in the Chinese culture.

　　同位語或插入語一般插在主謂語之間，一般由名詞詞組(如例l、2)、介詞詞組(如in my opinion，in other words等)、從句(如例3)、不定式短語、現(xiàn)在分詞短語充當。它們能起到補充說明的作用。除此之外，插入語還可對整句話表示解釋，如：

　　4.There were twenty people present，to be precise.(不定式短語做插入語)

　　5. Roughly speaking，these countries are the most densely—populated in Asia.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語做插入語)

　　第四式：With結(jié)構(gòu)的使用

　　1.Wenowlivein a societywhere competition in the job market rages，with graduates and ioh-hunters from all walks Of life scrambling for desirable iobs

　　2.As described in the picture.an American girl is wearing a Chinese costume characteristic of some minority group， with a sweet smile on her face.

　　3.These children can set their hearts at ease，with everything wel—arranged by their parents.

　　4.He entered upon the new enterprise cautiously，with his eyes wide open.

　　With結(jié)構(gòu)總的說來有五種形式，即：W+名(代)詞+現(xiàn)在分詞(如例1)，With+名(代)詞+過去分詞(如例3)，Wich+名(代)詞+介詞短語(如例2)，Wich+名(代)詞+副詞或形容詞(如例4)，With+名(代)詞+不定式。With結(jié)構(gòu)可表原因(如例1、3)、伴隨或方式(如例2、4)、等。

　　第五式：獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的使用

　　1.Rosy dreams shattered，they are bewildering at the junction：“To be or not to be?That is the question”一Hamlet’S perplexed monologue is echoing in their ears.

　　2 “Just listen to this，”she will say，her eyes glowing，her warm fmgers pressed tO my palm tO hold my attention

　　3 The U.S.population expanding dramaticaly，the species of its wildlife haS Witnessed a —corresp0nding declineina span of two centurie s(1800—2000).

　　4.Hewentof，gun in hand

　　5.The floor was wet and slippery，So we stayed outside.

　　6.The meal over，prayers were read by Miss Miller.

　　兩個或兩個以上分句間如果主語不一致時要用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。所謂“獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”實質(zhì)就是帶自己主語的非限定分句和無動詞分句。它按結(jié)構(gòu)形式分為不定式“獨立結(jié)構(gòu)”、一ing分詞“獨立結(jié)構(gòu)”(如例2、3)、一ed分詞“獨立結(jié)構(gòu)”(如例1、2)和無動詞“獨立結(jié)構(gòu)”，即名(代)詞+介詞短語(如例4)、名(代)詞+副詞(如例6)或形容詞(如例5)。

　　第六式：形容詞作狀語的使用

　　1.Disillusioned and disheartened，they are most likely tO collapse under the weight oflife.

　　2.Livinginthewarlnnest，safeand sound they are utterly free from external hard—ships and ignorant of what the bare reality is like.

　　形容詞�？蓡为毣蛞�起短語做狀語，可用來表示原因(如例1)、方式(如例2)等。形容詞做狀語位置比較靈活，可前可后或插在句中。

　　句式的復(fù)雜多變要求一篇作文中既要有簡單句、并列句又要復(fù)合句甚至復(fù)雜復(fù)合句。要構(gòu)造句子結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)雜多變就必須講究分句之間的銜接與連貫問題。逗號六劍法實質(zhì)就是逗號后(前)分句問銜接與連貫的六種技巧�？缈伎佳邢Ｍ�考生能夠牢記并熟練運用。