1.  In the past year, however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to "push" information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers.

【譯文】然而在去年，軟件公司已經開發(fā)出了新的技術，這些技術使得公司可以將信息直接“推”給消費者，即直接把營銷信息傳送給特定客戶。

【析句】在這個簡單句中，賓語tools帶了一個that引導的定語從句，修飾tools。在定語從句中，transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers作伴隨狀語，進一步說明push information to consumer這種技術。

【講詞】target既是名詞，意為"目標，對象，靶子"；也可作動詞，意為"以......為目標"。targeted customers意為"目標客戶"或"特定客戶"。The violence was largely targeted on the ethnic minorities in that country.（這一暴力事件主要針對該國的少數族群。）

2. Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen comes there by specific request.

【譯文】網上文化推崇這樣一個概念，即在你提出具體的要求之后，信息才會出現在屏幕上。

【析句】這個句子的主句是Online culture thinks highly of the notion，that引導的定語從句解釋的就是notion的內容。現在分詞短語（flowing onto the screen）修飾從句的主語information。

【講詞】to think highly of意為"高度評價，贊揚"。Think highly of yourself,for the world takes you at your own estimate.（你要高看自己，因為別人會根據你對自己的評價來看待你。）The president thinks highly of his visit to the country.（總統(tǒng)高度評價對該國的訪問。）notion意為"概念；觀念；想法"。Keynesian notion of functional finance is still highly regarded nowadays.（凱恩斯的功能財政觀念至今仍然備受推崇。）另外，have a good notion of意為"很懂得"，have a notion that...表示"認為"，have no notion of表示"不明白；完全不懂"。