1. The fact that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree answered the question he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens, the moon and the planets.

【譯文】蘋果向下落到地面不是向上飛到樹上，這一事實回答了他長期以來一直對天空中更大果實--月球和行星所存有的疑問。

【析句】這個句子的主干是The fact... answered the question。主語The fact跟了一個同位語從句（the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree）。賓語the question跟了一個定語從句（he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens, the moon and the planets）。

【講詞】fact（事實）詞義雖然簡單，但是在英語中會作主語或賓語，特別是介詞的賓語，這種情況可能會給理解增加一些困難。We have to be aware of that fact that there is censorship in every country in the world.（我們必須認識到這樣一個事實，即全世界每個國家都存在審查制度。）Apart from the fact that this is mislabeled, you could not guarantee that others would recognize these conventions, or even  follow them.（不僅這種說法不對，而且你無法保證其他人會認識到這些習(xí)俗，或者甚至?xí)�遵守這些習(xí)俗。）

2. In talking to some scientists, particularly younger ones, you might gather the impression that they find the "scientific method" a substitute for imaginative thought.

【譯文】在和一些科學(xué)家，特別是年輕科學(xué)家交談時，你可能會有這樣一種印象：他們認為“科學(xué)方法”可以代替創(chuàng)造性思維。

【析句】這個句子的主干是you... gather the impression。句子的狀語（In talking to some scientists,particularly younger ones）較長。that they find the "scientific method" a substitute for imaginative thought是定語從句，修飾the impression。

【講詞】 substitute意為“替代，替身”。Fantasies are more than substitutes for unpleasant reality.（幻想的意義并不僅僅在于作為失意的現(xiàn)實的替代物。）Silk was once substituted as a writing material.（絲綢曾一度是書寫材料的替代品。）The coach has to find a substitute for the injured forward.（教練必須為受傷的前鋒尋找一位替補隊員。）