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考研英語(yǔ)備考:英語(yǔ)必備形近詞辨析50例

來(lái)源:來(lái)源于網(wǎng)絡(luò) 時(shí)間:2010-04-12 15:47:41

  1.adherence和adhesion這兩個(gè)詞都是“粘附的”意思。

  adherence 用于比喻的意思。例如:His adherence to the strict letter of the law.

  adhesion 是指物質(zhì)上的。

  2. adjacent,adjoining和contiguous這些詞都有next to“緊挨”的意思。

  adjacent“毗鄰的,鄰近的”,但它們可能并不相互直接接觸。

  adjoining和contiguous指相互接觸,通常之間有一個(gè)edge或boundary。

  3.admission和admittance它們都有“the act of entering”的意思。

  但admission用于公共場(chǎng)合。The price of admission to the gallery is £5.

  admittance不指公共場(chǎng)合,一般指私人的住所。

  4. adopted和adoptiveadopted“收養(yǎng)的,過(guò)繼的” an adopted son (daughter)養(yǎng)子(女);my adopted country我所入籍的國(guó)家; adopted words外來(lái)語(yǔ)。

  adoptive“收養(yǎng)的”,我們說(shuō)adoptive parents,但很少說(shuō)adoptive child;“采用的”,“假冒的”an adoptive courage 假充勇敢。

  5.adverse和averseadverse“不利的,反對(duì)的”,用于事,不用于人。adverse weather conditions; an adverse reaction.

  averse“嫌惡的,反對(duì)的,不樂(lè)意的”,常和“to”一起使用,而且用否定形式。

  6.advise和adviceadvise“勸告”(動(dòng)詞);

  advice“勸告”(名詞)。

  7.affect和effectaffect v.“影響”,它的第二個(gè)意思是“假裝”

  Though she affectes indifference, I knew she was really very upset.

  effect n.“結(jié)果”,“效力”。 “產(chǎn)生”,“導(dǎo)致”,它比“to cause, to bring out”更為正式。

  His aim was to effect a radical change in the party structure.

  8.all ready和alreadyall ready意思是“completely prepared”

  already“已經(jīng)”。He had already had his lunch.

  9.altogether和all togetheraltogether (in total)“總共”

  all together意思是“in a group”。如:We put the sheep all together in one field.這兩個(gè)詞還可以分開(kāi)。We put all the sheep together in one field.

  10. allude和eludeallude“暗指”,“暗示”,“(婉轉(zhuǎn))提到”。

  elude (to avoid or escape)“閃避,躲避”。

  如:to elude sib’s grasp逃脫,沒(méi)有被逮住;to elude the law規(guī)避法律。The meaning eludes me.那個(gè)意義我摸不透。

  11.illusion和delusionillusion“幻覺(jué),錯(cuò)覺(jué)”be under no illusion about sth.對(duì)某事不存幻想。

  delusion“欺騙,迷惑”He suffers from the delusion that he's attractive to women.他糊里糊涂地認(rèn)為自己對(duì)女人很有吸引力。

  12.amended和emendamended (to alter or add to something)“訂正,改正”,“修正(議案等)”。

  an amended bill修正案;amend one's ways改過(guò)自新。

  emend (to correct errors in)“校訂”。

  emend the text of a book?蹦硶(shū);He emended the typescript before sending it to the printers.在交付印刷之前他校正文稿。

  13.amicable和amiable這兩個(gè)詞都是指“友好的”意思。

  amicable“友好的,親切的”指行為或情景。

  The discussions were amicable, though business-like.討論雖然是商業(yè)形式,但是友好的。

  amiable“可愛(ài)的,和藹可親的”

  Many people are afraid of him, though I found him to be perfectly amiable.雖然我發(fā)現(xiàn)他特別和藹可親,但還是有很多人害怕他。

  14.assent和ascentassent 可用作“agreement”“同意”或“agree”“同意”。

  ascent n.“上升,晉升”。the ascent of mountain登山。

  15.avert和avoidavert“防止,避免”。

  avoid“回避,逃避”。avoid bad company避免和壞人來(lái)往;I cannot avoid seeing him.我不能不見(jiàn)他。

  16.besides和besidebesides意思是“in addition to”“加之,還有,另外”;

  beside“在……旁邊”,“在……一側(cè)”。Duncan is the tall man standing beside my father.

  站在我爸爸旁邊的高個(gè)子男子是鄧肯。

  17.coherence和cohesioncoherence“統(tǒng)一,一致性”;

  cohesion“結(jié)合力,團(tuán)結(jié)”。the cohesion of molecules分子的結(jié)合力。

  18. compare with和compare tocompare with“和……比起來(lái)”

  compare to“好比”。He compared the moon to a silver plate.他把月亮比成一個(gè)大銀盤(pán)。

  19.impel和compelimpel“推動(dòng),驅(qū)使,激勵(lì)”。impel sb. to do sth.激勵(lì)某人做某事;

  compel“強(qiáng)迫,脅迫,迫使”。compel sb. to one's will強(qiáng)迫人服從自己。

  20.complement和complimentcomplement“補(bǔ)足(物),補(bǔ)全”,“補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”。

  compliment“恭維話,贊辭,敬意”; Your presence is a great compliment.

  承蒙光臨,不勝榮幸。

  21.confident和confidantconfident“深信,確信,自信”。

  confidant“心腹朋友”。She has no close confidant to whom she can turn for advice or help.

  她沒(méi)有知心朋友來(lái)幫助或是勸告她。

  22.continual和continuouscontinual“連續(xù),繼續(xù)”;“頻繁的”;continual bouts of toothache一陣接一陣的牙痛。(這中間可能有停頓或間斷。)

  continuous“連續(xù)”(指從不間斷的); We have had three weeks of continuous rain.

  我們這里連續(xù)三周下雨不停。

  23.might和couldmight 表明“possibility”。

  could 應(yīng)該用來(lái)表明“permission”. Mum said we could (might) go to the football match.

  24.council和counselcouncil“議事機(jī)構(gòu)”,委員會(huì);a cabinet council內(nèi)閣會(huì)議。

  counsel“商議,勸告”;follow sb's counsel close牢記某人忠告。

  25.creditable和crediblecreditable “聲譽(yù)好的,可稱許(贊揚(yáng))的”;

  credible “可信的,可靠的”He's the only one without a credible alibi (辯解,托辭),他是惟一一個(gè)沒(méi)有可信托辭的人。

  26.decisive和decideddecisive“果斷的,斷然的”;decisive measures斷然的措施。

  decided“明確的,無(wú)疑的”;a decided success明顯的成功。

  27.defective和deficientdefective (having a fault or flaw)“有缺陷的”。

  deficient (lacking in what is needed)“不足的”;be deficient in欠缺。

  28.definite和definitivedefinite (certain or clear, not vague)“明確的,一定的”。

  definitive (authoritative, that cannot be improved)“限定的,決定性的,比較后的”

  definitive host宿主;definitive organs定形器官;definitive sentence比較后判決。

  29.dependant和dependentdependant n.(one who depends on another for support)受贍養(yǎng)者。

  dependent adj.“依靠的,依賴的”;He'sstill dependent on state benefit. The rate of relief is dependent on one's income.

  30.discreet和discretediscreet“考慮周到的,慎重的”。

 discrete“分離的,分裂的”;On closer examination, we find that the pattern is formed from thousands of discrete dots of colors.

  31.distinctive和distinctdistinctive“有特色的”,“獨(dú)特的”;

  distinct“清楚的,明顯的”;a distinct smell of alcohol on his breath; the distinctive stripes of the zebra.

  32.dual和dueldual“二重的”;dual personality雙重人格;dual control雙重管轄;[w] duel[/w]“決斗,競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”;fight a duel with sb.與某人決斗;challenge sb. to a duel向某人提出決斗;a duel of wits斗智

  33.eatable和edibleeatable a.“可食用的,可吃的”;n.“食物、食品”。

  edible a.“適合食用的,可以吃的”;n.“食品”。

  在指吃的時(shí)候二者可通用:The toast was burnt and barely eatable/edible.但在其他情況下不一樣。

  If something is eatable, it may be eaten (though it may not be safe or desirable to do so); but, if something is edible it is safe to eat.

  34.economical和economiceconomic“經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的,經(jīng)濟(jì)上的”an economic survey of Scotland 蘇格蘭經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)查;an economic blockade經(jīng)濟(jì)封鎖;

  economical“節(jié)儉的,經(jīng)濟(jì)的”;He's had to learn to be more economical now that his only income is a small pension.

  35.evoke和invokeevoke“喚起,引起”;evoke admiration引起羨慕。

  invoke“祈求(神靈)保佑,乞靈于”,行使(法權(quán));

  The shaman invokes the spirits of their ancestors.

  If our case fails in the national courts we will invoke the European Declaration on Human Rights.

  36.fatal和fatefulfatal causing death or disaster”“致命的”; a fatal disease不治之癥;a fatal wound致命傷。

  fateful crucial, significant, deciding one's fate”“重大的”,“決定性的,決定命運(yùn)的”; On that one fateful day in October, millions of pounds were wiped off the value of shares.

  37.fictional和fictitiousfictional“虛構(gòu)的,小說(shuō)的”。

  fictitious“虛構(gòu)的,編造的”(denotes something that is not real and has been created with the intention of deceiving others);He gave the police a fictitious name.

  38.historical和historichistorical“有關(guān)歷史的”,“歷史的”, the historical period歷史階段;historical personage歷史人物。

  historic“歷史上有名的,有歷史意義的”, historic town歷史名城。

  39.impassable和impassibleimpassable“不能通行的”,“不可逾越的”;an impassable swam不能通行的沼澤地。

  impassible“不感疼痛的;無(wú)動(dòng)于衷的”; an impassible God無(wú)動(dòng)于衷的神。

  40.infer和implyinfer“猜想,臆測(cè)”,“推斷”;infer a motive from an effect從效果推知?jiǎng)訖C(jī)。

  imply“含有……的意思”; Do you realize what his words imply?你領(lǐng)會(huì)他說(shuō)話的含意嗎? I do not imply that you are wrong.我的意思不是說(shuō)你錯(cuò)了。

  41.impractical和impracticableimpractical (not sensible or efficient or not actually possible)“不切實(shí)際的,不現(xiàn)實(shí)的”。

  impracticable (not able to be done or used)“不能實(shí)行的,行不通的”;

  With a river on one side and a steep drop on the other, it is impracticable to widen the road.

  42.incredible和incredulousincredible“不可相信的,難以置信的”;incredible energy驚人的能量,精力。

  incredulous“不相信的,表示懷疑的”;be incredulous of hearsay不相信道聽(tīng)途說(shuō);an incredulous look懷疑的目光。

  43.ingenious和ingenuousingenious“機(jī)靈的”; an ingenious mind機(jī)靈的頭腦;an ingenious machine精巧的機(jī)器。

  ingenuous“直率的,坦白的”。

  44.intense和intensiveintense“激烈的,強(qiáng)烈的”,“緊張的”an intense light強(qiáng)烈的燈光;intense heat酷熱;an intense life奮發(fā)圖強(qiáng)的生活。

  intensive“加強(qiáng)的,集中的”;“深入細(xì)致的,徹底的”; an intensive bombardment密集炮擊;an intensive study徹底的研究;an intensive reading精讀(extensive reading泛讀)。

  45.junction和juncturejunction“接合,連接”,“(河流的)匯合處”; make a junction取得聯(lián)絡(luò),連接起來(lái)junction box接線盒。

  juncture (a particular point in time or in a sequence of events)“接合,連接”,“時(shí)機(jī),關(guān)頭”;an important juncture in a man's career人生歷程中的重要關(guān)頭;at this juncture在這個(gè)時(shí)候;in the present critical juncture of things在目前這一危急關(guān)頭下。

  46.apt和prone它們都具有“tending to or in the habit of”的意思,但是prone只用于人。Elderly people are prone to falls, often because of arthritic joints or dizziness.

  47.loose和loseloose“松的,寬的”。

  lose“丟失”; lose one's balance失去平衡,跌倒;lose one's head被搞糊涂。

  48.luxuriant和luxuriousluxuriant (growing strongly or vigorously; abundant, prolific)“繁茂的;多產(chǎn)的;豐富的”;

  His luxuriant beard was red.

  luxurious“豪華的,奢侈的”;a luxurious table奢侈的飯菜。

  49.magical和magic它們都和magic有關(guān)系,但是magical也有“wonderful, entrancing”的意思。

  50.masterly和masterfulmasterly (showing great skill or the skill of a master)“熟練的;名家的”。

  masterful (showing power or authority)“主人派頭的,專橫的”;You're so strong and masterful.

  51.obsolete和obsolescentobsolete(no longer in use or already out of date)“已廢棄的,已不用的”; an obsolete vessel廢艦;an obsolete word已廢的詞。

  obsolescent (going out of use or becoming out of date)“逐漸被廢棄的,快要不用的”;Do you think that faxes are obsolescent?

  52. officious和officialofficious“愛(ài)管閑事的”,“非正式的”;an officious statement非正式聲明。official“官方的”,“公務(wù)上的”; an official gazette官方通報(bào);an official letter公函,公文;an official record正式記錄

  53.peaceable和peacefulpeaceable (peace loving, mild, placid, not inclined to quarrel or fight or existing in peace)“平和的”;“溫和的”;“溫順的”。

  peaceful“和平的,太平的”;“寧?kù)o的”;“愛(ài)好和平的”;a peaceful night's sleep ; peaceful coexistence和平共處;peaceful uses of atomic energy原子能的和平應(yīng)用。
 

結(jié)束

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