Part B 選擇搭配

Directions:

　　In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1~5, choose the most suitable one from the list A~G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices which do not fit in any of the gaps.

　　In 1996, the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act was enacted with the goal of promoting the economic self-sufficiency of families by transitioning them from public assistance into the work force as early as feasible

　　1.________________ The PRWORA stated that by fiscal year 2002 states must have 50% of their caseload engaged in 30 hours per week of work activities such as paid employment, job training, or volunteer work. Subsequent legislationcontinued the program by expanding the percentage of recipients required to work to 70% and increased the required number of hours of work activity per week to 40, including at least 24 hours of actual work.

　　2. ________________ Unfortunately, there are still indications that a large proportion of recipients are unable to gain employment and frequently cycle between work and welfare. The changes set forth by the PRWORA have forced researchers, policymakers, and federal administrators to analyze the employability of recipients remaining on the rolls and to examine the many factors that can impact a recipients' ability to move from welfare to work. These factors often include levels of education, job experience, mental and physical health status, and access to needed services such as childcare subsidies and transportation.

　　3._________________ The literature that does exist on the topic has reported inconsistent conclusions.

　　4._________________ Another study examining women leaving welfare for employment and women remaining on welfare found no differences in emotional support between the two groups .

　　5.__________________ In fact, evidence suggests that drug use can effect and be affected by both social support and employment. It is unknown, however, how the use of drugs may impact this relationship among TANF recipients. In this paper, we build on the current literature by examining the extent to which social network factors influence employment among both drug-using and nondrug-using TANF-receiving women.

　　[A] A large body of research indicates that positive social support and adequate social networks are important to the employment process.

　　[B] Temporary Assistance for Needy Families recipients are now under a work requirement and a five-year life-time limit on cash benefits.

　　[C] While there is considerable research on the role of social relationships in the lives of women, to our knowledge few studies have focused on the extent to which social support may influence employment among welfare-receiving women.

　　[D] Early reports suggest that welfare reform is having the desired effect on welfare caseloads.

　　[E] Drug use may play a substantive role in the association between social support and employment.

　　[F] Whereas one study found that welfare recipients were more likely to be working if they received frequent support from their networks.

　　[G] Social support has been defined as information that prompts the individual to believe that he (or she) is cared for and loved esteemd valued and a member of a network of common and mutual obligation.

Ⅲ Translation

Please translate the sentences that were underlined in the passage.

FOREIGN-BORN WORKERS:  LABOR FORCE CHARACTERISTICS IN 2005

　　In 2005, foreign-born workers made up about 15 percent of the U.S. civilian labor force age 16 and over, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. （1）The unemployment rate for the foreign born fell to 4.6 percent in 2005, down from 5.5 percent in the prior year. Over the year, the jobless rate of the native born declined from 5.5 to 5.2 percent.

　　This news release compares the labor force characteristics of the foreign born with those of their native-born counterparts. （2）The data on nativity are collected as part of the Current Population Survey (CPS), a monthly sample survey of approximately 60,000 households. The foreign born are persons who reside in the United States but who were born outside the country or one of its outlying areas to parents who were not U.S. citizens. （3）The foreign born include legally-admitted immigrants, refugees, temporary residents such as students and temporary workers, and undocumented immigrants. The survey data however, do not separately identify the numbers of persons in these categories. For further information about the survey, see the Technical Note.  

　　The demographic characteristics of the foreign-born labor force differ significantly in many respects from those of the native born. For example, men made up a larger proportion of the foreign-born labor force (60 percent) in 2005 than they did of the native-born labor force (52 percent).  Also, the proportion of the foreign-born labor force made up of 25- to 54-year olds is higher than for their native-born counterparts (76 and 68 percent, respectively).

　　About 49 percent of the foreign-born labor force was Hispanic and 22 percent was Asian, compared with about 7 and 1 percent, respectively, of the native-born labor force.  One out of 5 of the foreign-born labor force was white, compared with nearly 4 out of 5 of the native-born labor force.  (Data in this release are presented for non-Hispanic whites, blacks, and Asians and for persons of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.)

　�。�4）In terms of educational attainment, 28 percent of the foreign-born labor force 25 years old and over had not completed high school in 2005, compared with about 7 percent of the native-born labor force.  About equal proportions of both the foreign and native born had a bachelo's degree and higher (31 and 33 percent, respectively).

　　（5）On a regional basis, the foreign-born share of the labor force ranged from about a quarter in the West to 7 percent in the Midwest.

練習(xí)答案與題解:

Part B 選擇搭配：

1.[B]
從原文脈絡(luò)來(lái)看，這里有邏輯相關(guān)性，講的是與就業(yè)有關(guān)的職業(yè)培訓(xùn)將會(huì)增多。

2.[D]
在第二處標(biāo)號(hào)的段落中，welfare是個(gè)信息詞。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)在選項(xiàng)中，D項(xiàng)中也談到了welfare，將兩者相比較，發(fā)現(xiàn)其中邏輯關(guān)系可以銜接得上，所以選D。

3.[C]
本題考查段落內(nèi)部的的邏輯和段落內(nèi)部句與句之間的銜接關(guān)系。

4.[F]
本段中有"another"那么，根據(jù)邏輯前面的句子，找到F項(xiàng)，因?yàn)镕項(xiàng)中有一個(gè)"one"。

5.[E]
"drug use"是一個(gè)信息詞。待選的句子中和段落里都提到了這個(gè)詞，我們?cè)倏催壿嬯P(guān)系。邏輯上這兩者是可以聯(lián)系在一起的，在這里應(yīng)該選E。

Ⅲ Translation 

1．其中"over the year"這個(gè)詞組中"over"是"during"的意思。

本句應(yīng)譯為：在2005年，外國(guó)出生人口失業(yè)率下降至4.6%，低于去年5.5%的水平。同年，本國(guó)人口失業(yè)率從5.5%下降至5.2%。

2．該句主干為"The data are collected"，句中"a monthly sample survey of approximately 60,000 households"是"CPS"的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的。在翻譯時(shí)，可以先將主體部分譯出來(lái)，然后再譯出補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明部分，這樣可以避免句式結(jié)構(gòu)過(guò)于復(fù)雜，會(huì)更有利于漢語(yǔ)表但。本句應(yīng)譯為：關(guān)于出生率的數(shù)據(jù)是當(dāng)前人口調(diào)查的部分結(jié)果，該項(xiàng)調(diào)查每個(gè)月都會(huì)以約60，000個(gè)家庭為樣本進(jìn)行抽樣統(tǒng)計(jì)。

3．本句話(huà)主語(yǔ)是"The foreign born"，謂語(yǔ)是"include"后面的都是"include"的賓語(yǔ)。在賓語(yǔ)中，"such as"后的成分是修飾"temporary residents"的，也就是說(shuō)臨時(shí)居住者里面包括學(xué)生、臨時(shí)工以及非法移民等。

本句應(yīng)譯為：外國(guó)出生人口包括合法移民、難民、臨時(shí)居住者，諸如學(xué)生、臨時(shí)工以及非法移民之類(lèi)的。

4．本句難點(diǎn)在于，28%和25歲以及25歲以上的人兩者的包含關(guān)系。

本句應(yīng)譯為：從教育水平來(lái)看，2005年28%的25歲以及25歲以上外籍勞動(dòng)者們沒(méi)有完成高中學(xué)業(yè)，相比之下，本國(guó)的勞動(dòng)力中只有7%沒(méi)有完成。

5．本題難點(diǎn)在于文章中作者靈活的使用了"a quarter"和"7 percent"來(lái)表示比例。但翻譯時(shí)要把它統(tǒng)一過(guò)來(lái)。本句應(yīng)譯為：從地區(qū)來(lái)看，外籍勞動(dòng)者們從西部到中西部的分布比例分別從25%到7%。